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ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION - Coggle Diagram
ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION
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external factors
1) cultural deprivation
intellect and linguistic skills
- many children from low income black families lack intellect, stimulation and enriching experiences - poorly equipped for school
- Beretier and Englemann - consider the language spoken by black families inadequate for educational success - ungrammetical and disjointed
- also children who do not speak english at home can be held back educationally
- however Gilbourn and Miza 2000 note that indian pupils do well despite english being their second language - not all these problems arise in all ethnic minority homes
attitudes and values
- cultural deprivation theories see lack of motivation as a major cause of failure of black children
- black children are socialised into a subculture that installs a fatalistic 'live for today' attitude that does not value education and leaves them unequipped for success
- only interested in 'living for the now' and getting rewards now - this is odd for the attitudes of education which makes it more difficult for them to succeed.
family structure and parental support - cultural deprivation theorists argue that the failure to socialise children adequately is the result of dysfunctional family structures
- Moynihan argues that black children suffer from deprivation because they are often raised by a single mother who has to struggle financially, and because they lack a male role model of achievement due to the absence of their father. this is a continuous cycle as the children go on to fail at school and become dysfunctional parents themselves.
- new right thinkers like Murray also argue that a high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of positive male role models lead to underachievement in some minorities
- Scruton sees underachievement of ethnic minorities as a result of failure to embrace mainstream british culture
Sewell: fathers, gangs and culture - argues that the underachievement of black boys is not caused by the absence of fathers, but the lack of fatherly nurturing or 'tough love'. due to this lack there is a process of creating street gangs of fatherless boys as it offers black boys 'perverse loyalty and love'
asian families
- while many black families have absent fathers, in Sewell's view Indian and Chinese pupils benefit from supportive families that have an 'Asian work ethic' and place high values on education
- Lupton argues that adult authority in Asian families is similar to the models that operate in schools. she found that respectful behaviour towards adults was expected from children. this had a knock-on effect on schools, since parents were more likely to be supportive of school behaviour policies.
criticisms of cultural deprivation theory
- Driver - ignored the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. black caribbean families provide girls with positive role models - which encourages success
- Lawrence - argues that black pupils fail due to racism not low self esteem
- Keddie - sees cultural deprivation as victim blaming, she argues they are culturally difference not culturally deprived. underachievement is due to ethnocentric schools.
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