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HUMAN CLIMATE CHANGE TOPICS - Coggle Diagram
HUMAN CLIMATE CHANGE TOPICS
National Climate Politics
The UK not only had self-intrest in mind but since the late 1980s they were representing global interest of climate change
happened aside from the new ear of neoliberalism
UK exerted power
paris agreement for national issues and problems to be called out for the sake of this global problem
net zero was introduced in the UK - new language with a new found difficulty finding right and accurate goals
more assertive statement of ambition in the past 10 years
momtentum seemed to then be stalling as we start to see populism on the rise from Boris Johnson declaring a big new ambitious goal and regaining more momentum
sector issues
energy
domestic transport
international transport (and heavy industry)
built environment (and agriculture)
a change in politics means a change in climate governance
parallel expansion of natural gas for replacment, then huge emergence of renewables
energy is the UK climate policy's biggest success story
energy crisis has deepened critques of privitsation - market choice and failing companies
north sea oil and gas prdocution boom and the 'dash for gas' (Christophers, 2020)
energy crisis - has to focus on that instead of cliamte change
the built environment - how well can you deal with these events over times as it gets worse with more severity - try to blame households and consumers
much more risk - higher payout events - private or public sector?
think about what SPECIFIC factors shape national government responses to climate change? How might issue areas discussed matter in these politics?
International Climate Politics
Climate Adaptation
General Understanding of Climate Adaptation
"There is no such thing as a natural disaster (Neil Smith, 2006)
formular for climat impacts founded by the IPCC
New Climate imapcts interact with preexisting structural social axes of inequality, precarity and harm
preexisting social axes: poverty, gender inequality, race, class, religion.
Geography is also a preexisting social axes such as colonialism, structural factors (Global South vs. North) and projected regional impacts.
examples of climate adaptation
critques of mainstream adaptation
similar to the critques of Development as an 'anti-politics machine' (James Ferguson, The Anti-Politics Machine) which renders technical political conflicts (Tania Li, The Will to Improve)
Argument that solutions designed by elite-institutional technocrats are too incremental and depoliticising --> they overlook injustices and leave deeper root causes of vulnerability unchallenged
financial inclusion for climate resilience schemes target poorest demographics and countries (Paprocki, 2016)
Disaster capitalism - is the planet really warming up? - decentralised energy futures as more climate-resilient
privatised responses pushed rebuilding a natural gas grid in Puerto Rico --> ongoing dependence on imports adding to the preexisting debt crisis
took almost a year to restore power post-maria fully
water allocation and the thames river basin
carbon cycle - tomago wetlands, EU ETS, and REDD
Blue carbon management
IPPC (2016)
Patterns of Climate Sensitivity
Built Environments
lived spaces and property values -> may clash
housing stock and underlying issues
patterns of urbanisation, housing crisis, private vs. public/social housing
gridded infrastructure (power, heat, transportation, water and wastewater etc...) --> amid other issues like neoliberal privitization, energy transition, q's of decentralisation/grid alternatives
KEY RESOURCES
water resource security
food security and agriculture
Haiti
Haiti was hit with a 7.0 magnitude earthquake in 2010, with the epicentre 24km southwest of Haiti's largest population of Port Au Prince
Port Au Prince having a population in 2009 of 2,643,000 with a population density of 64,548 per sq. mi (Institut Haitien de Statistique et d’Informatique)
For reference, New York Cities population density is 26,517 per sq. mi
Coasts and Flooding
long-term sea level rise and weather disasters
insuring property against storms (flood, wind)
climate proofing at individual building scale (climate retrofits or new build)
Larger-scale physical infra-structure: levees, seawalls, infrastructure elevation, flood barriers
green infrastructure, a nature-based solution - restoring forests/mangroves
replanning cities and/or managed retreat
Haiti
No structural changes made before the earthquake
due to political instability there werent any measures put in place as information even when knowledge that the country was vulnerable to earthquakes was shown
little to no land zoning was used
Cresswell argues that invested time can cause humans to develop a unique sense of place associated with that area and thus for residents living in Port-au-Prince, the potential for establishing an emotional sense of place means that for some, the risk to one’s life may be reduced by the value of an emotional sense of place that builds meaning and connection
Haiti's infrastructure, particularly its water and sanitation systems, was severely damaged by the earthquake. Many people were left without access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities.
between 2010-2011, 57% of all reported cholera cases were in Haiti
San Fran
1933 Uniform Building Code Act
1983 California Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act
Building of the Transamerica Skyscraper
1990 Executive order by George H.W Bush enacted new federal regulation for the construction of buildings in California, requiring greater consideration of hazards associated with earthquakes
land zoning was used
COP (For indepth understanding look at notes from first tutorial)
establishing a dedicated fund for loss and damage
holding businesses and institutions to account
mobilising more financial support for developing countriesys we need to achieve by 2030.
mitigation work programme was established in Sharm el-Sheikh, aimed at urgently scaling up mitigation ambition and implementation
the work programme will start immediately and continue until 2026 when there will be a review to consider its extension
“the global stocktake is an ambition exercise. its an accountability exercise. its an accleration exercise” - Stiell
maintaining a clear intention to keep 1.5 degrees within reach
making the pivot toward implementation
Climate Justice
Climate Governance
Randalls argues that the 2oC target was indicative of a shift in climate governance away from emissions reductions and to ‘defining climatic changes that are tolerable and changes that are disruptive’
relationship between empirical phenomena (measured warming) and normative response takes a decisive shift which continues to affect climate policy today.
PROBLEMS
cannot be definitively defined
involve disputed public goods
lack an objective definition of equity
cannot be meaningfully correct or false
have no 'optimal solutions'
have no solutions in objective terms
sometimes the problems are not costless
absence of institutional framework for governments to develop laws owing to temporal or spatial scope of the problem
how is there a way to govern a universal international problem - no previous ways of solving it
accumulative problem
The developed country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof
Climate Vulnerability
Personal Carbon Influence