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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Coggle Diagram
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
background
no known pathogenesis
autoimmune disease
etiology
genetic
immunological
endocrine
environmental
Pathophysiology
break in genetically susceptible individuals' tolerance
activation of T and B cells
cytokines released
Innate immune system
activate toll-like receptors
downstream activation of interferon regulation
cytokines, activated platelets, and vascular endothelial cells, neutrophils
systemic release of nuclear aggregates in extracellular
interferon-alpha production
adaptive immune system
T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes
T cells distorted gene expression
B cells autoantibody production
serve as antigen-presenting cells
activates T cells
Clinical Manifestations
mucocutaneous
acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
localized, malar, and generalized
subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
annular and papulosquamous
chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus
discoid lupus erythematosus
hypertrophic/verrucous
lupus panniculitis/profundus
musculoskeletal
mild arthralgias
deforming arthritis
avascular necrosis
Jaccoud arthropathy
hematologic and reticuloendothelial
neuropsychiatric
CNS
intractable headaches
focal or generalized seizures
aseptic meningitis
psychiatric manifestations
PNS
peripheral and cranial neuropathies
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
renal
nephritis
subnephtrotic proteinuria
diffuse progressive glomerulonephritis
new onset hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria
lower extremity edema
cardiovascular
pericarditis
exudative pericardial effusion
cardiac tamponade
myocarditis
Gastrointestinal
esophageal dysmotility
mesenteric vasculitis
lupus enteritis
peritonitis
Pulmonary
pleuritis
exudative pleural effusion
acute lupus pneumonitis
Treatment
3 goals
prevent flares and sysmptomatic impact
reduce chronic accumulation of organ damage
minimize toxicity from immunosupression
nonpharmacological interventions
reduce UV exposure
cessation of smoking
sunscreen
pharmacological
NSAID
Hydroxychloroquine
corticosteroids
antiproliferative drugs