Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
AQA - A-Level - English Language - Lexis - Coggle Diagram
AQA - A-Level - English Language - Lexis
Common Nouns
Common nouns are general, like dogs, writers and feelings.
Do not need capital letters unless they are starting a sentence.
Examples:
'I really like that writer!' - 'writer' is the common noun.
'My horse is so sweet.' - 'horse' is the common noun.
Proper Nouns
Proper nouns are specific objects, people or things.
These always need a capital letter.
Examples:
'I really like Shakespeare!' - 'Shakespeare' is the proper noun.
'London is my home.' - 'London' is the proper noun.
Concrete Nouns
Concrete nouns can be touched.
Examples:
'I put my pen on the table.' - 'pen' and 'table' are concrete nouns.
'The saddle is too big for the horse.' - 'saddle' and 'horse' are concrete nouns.
Abstract Nouns
Feelings and states of being.
Examples:
‘I felt the anger burn me up.’ - ‘anger’ is the abstract noun.
‘I felt sadness when he left.’ - ‘sadness’ is the abstract noun.
Collective Nouns
Collective nouns are nouns used to describe groups.
Examples:
An 'army' of ants.
A 'swarm' of bees.
A 'litter' of puppies.
A 'gaggle' of geese'
Base Adjectives
Base adjectives are just plain adjectives without anything suffixed (added onto the end) onto the word.
Examples:
'James is handsome.' - 'handsome is the base adj.
'It is such a sunny day.' - 'sunny' is the base adj.
Comparative Adjectives
Base adj's become comparative when an -er suffix is added onto the end.
Examples:
'The supermarket is nearer to my house than yours.' - 'nearer' is the comp adj.
'Sally is taller than Pam.' - 'taller' is the comp adj.
Superlative Adjectives
Base adj's become superlative when an -est suffix is added onto the end.
Examples:
‘Susan is the wisest woman I know.’ - ‘wisest’ is the superlative adj.
‘That library is the oldest library in the world.’ - ‘oldest’ is the superlative adj.
Main Verbs
Describes the action of the clause.
Examples:
'Thomas owns a car.' - 'owns' is the main verb.
'Harry loves Jane.' - 'loves' is the main verb.
Auxiliary Verbs
Helps the main verb of a sentence.
Can also be used to express possibility.
Examples:
'I am waiting for the bus.' - 'waiting' is the main verb and 'am' is the auxiliary verb in the present progressive tense.
'Tim may walk the dog this afternoon.' - 'walk' is the main verb and 'may' is the modal auxiliary verb.
'I should visit my grandmother this weekend.' - 'visit' is the main verb and 'should' is the modal auxiliary.
Copular Verbs
A copular verb links the subject to a noun or adjective that complements the subject.
The most common copular verb is the verb ‘is’ (and all of its conjugations like am, were and are).
Other examples are: appear, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become and get.
Examples:
‘The food tastes amazing.’ - ‘'food’ is the subject and ‘amazing’ is the adjective complementing the ‘food’, so ‘tastes’ is the copular verb.
‘Henry is bad at football.’ - 'Henry' is the subject and 'bad' is the adjective complementing 'Henry', so 'is' is the copular verb.
‘Margaret feels angry.’ - 'Margaret' is the subject and 'angry' is the adjective that complements 'Margaret', so 'feels' is the copular verb.
Dynamic Verbs
Actions that can start and end.
Can either be material or verbal.
Material verbs - concerned with events.
Examples:
'Anna drove to work.' - 'drove' is material dynamic verb.
'James parked his car.' - 'parked' is the material dynamic.
Verbal verbs - concerned with communication.
Examples:
'Anna sang the song on her way to work.' - 'sang' is the verbal dynamic.
'Mollie and Billie spoke for hours.' - 'spoke' is the verbal dynamic.
Stative Verbs
Stative verbs describe actions/states which are quite constant.
These can be broken down into mental (or cognitive) or relational.
Mental verbs - describe an intrinsic process.
Examples:
'Ellie thought about writing a book.' - 'thought' is the stative mental verb.
'I believe in Santa Clause.' - 'believe' is the stative mental verb.
Relational verbs - show the relation between things or show a state of being.
Examples:
'The box contains my socks.' - 'contains' is the stative relational verb.
'Ellie became an author.' - 'became' is the stative relational verb.
Transitive Verbs
When verbs have a direct object.
Examples:
'Sally ate all the cupcakes.' - 'ate' is the transitive verb.
'Stephen baked banana bread.' - 'baked' is the transitive verb.
Intransitive Verbs
When verbs do not have a direct object.
Examples:
'Bertie wept.' - 'wept' is the intransitive verb.
'The teacher smirked and the student laughed.' - both 'smirked' and 'laughed' are intransitive verbs.
Active Voice (verbs)
When a subject is performing the action.
Examples:
'Ryan played the character well.' - 'played' is being performed by Ryan so is the active voice.
'I want to sleep.' - 'want' is being performed by I so is the active voice.
Passive Voice (verbs)
When the subject is being acted on (it is passive to the action).
Examples:
'The character was played well by Ryan.' - the character is now the subject and is being impacted on, and so the verb is in the passive voice.
'I was overcome by sleep.' - I am the subject and am being impacted on, and so the verb is in the passive voice.