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Black Power - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Staged a fish-in in Washington after state courts failed to uphold NA treaty rights, criticised police
  - - - Founded 3 months after the uprisings of several black vities during protests after MLKs death
        
        Radicalism and deep hatred of white
  - - - Ghettoisation made it easier for protest groups to form, tribal unity became a common thing with the separation of NAs
    - - 1869 Ghost Dance Movement
      - Cheyenne Uprising 1867
      - NCAI established 1941, AIDA established 1923
    - - suggesting militancy was all influenced by BP detracts from the movement prior to that
    - - Would've succeeded without the influence of BP,
      - 1960 fish ins, 1944 establishment of NCAI
      - rejection of monetary compensation from Indian Claims Commission in 1946
- - - - Grew up in poverty, mother worked hard to ensure a private education
      - Joined panthers in 1968, initially sold newspapers and cleaned guns
        
        In 1971 became a part of the central committee
        
        Only person above her was Huey Newton
      - Chair of the party, 1944-1947 after Newton fled the country, kept the party running best she could
    - - Member of panthers and advocate for political prisoners
      - Joined the party following an altercation with the police and a fellow member who was selling newspapers
      - In charge of communications for the whole east coast
      - Critical of the partys treatment of female members, most held clerical jobs that did little of importance in the way of actually protesting
    - - became an assistant professor at UCLA in 1969 and was an affiliate of the Black Panthers
      - California 1967 ' I was criticised by male members for doing a mans job', woman had to inspire man and educate his children'
      - Spoke at rallies and thrust herself into many social justice situations
        
        promoted intersectional approaches to feminism
    - - Powerful speaker about the wrongdoings done by women in Mississippi
      - Malcom X described her as "country's number one freedom fighter"
  - - - Stops the attempt to integrate AA women into a stereotypical way of being seen
    - - women trained alongside men, showed equality and gave many women more confidence
  - - - created opposing conservatism due to AA radicalism, preventing further legislation in the gender sphere
- - - - During early 1950s, belief of black muslims gave him ideas and a way to gain faith and respect in himself and his race
    - - rejected integration
      - black people must remain seperate
    - - Sets up OAAU in 1964, advocated for pan africanism, 5 main goals of Restoration, Reorientation, Self Defence, Education and Economic Security
  - - - BP didnt have unified aims and didn't align themselves with white Americans like the CR movement or the coalition of political goals
      - different way of looking at AA progress
      - More popular in the North and then spread throughout the US, even reaching Britain and Jamaica
      - Focused on self defence rather than non-violence
      - Saw AA CR in a wider context of African culture and identity
    - - Ideas of Malcolm X, rejecting the over reliance of white supporters to progress AA CR
      - Anti-colonialist theories, African nationalist formed independent nations
      - Interests in previous separatist movements, e.g. Garvey
      - Stokely Carmichael - all we need is black power
      - Wave of riots in the 1960s
      - Shift of conventional politics to identity politics
    - - Spread wider conciousness of black culture and heritage
      - Greater interest and appreciation in AA dress, music, culture
      - Black is Beautiful, pride in appearance, move away from trying to fit in with what white people dressed like to seem attractive
      - Courses run on AA history in schools
      - 1968 Mexico Olympics, two runners rase fists in black power salute, sign of solidarity
      - 1972 National convention to help approach reform
      - January 1966, McKissek becomes leader of the CORE, keen advocate of black power and demanded a better self image for AAs
      - 1971 Attica uprising
        
        exposed racial incarceration issue to national and global audiences
  - - - 2000 in 1968 - 5000 members in 1969
        
        Concentrated in Philly, Chicago, LA, NY
      - Elaine Brown, Chairman 1974-77
      - Black Panther Party Newspaper, most widely read Black newspaper in the US, 300,000 circulation between 1968-71
      - Established patrols to protect neighbourhoods from police brutality
      - Organised a free breakfast programme for 20,000 children each day
      - Sponsored schools, health clinics and legal aid offices
        
        provided aid to low income communities, majority of those being black
    - - 1969 murder of BP party member by other members who believed he was an informant
      - FBI assassinated 2 members of the BPs in 1969 including Fred Hampton - 21yr old chairman of Chicago chapter
      - 1969 Edgar Hoover, founder of FBI, said that BP was the greatest threat to international security - declared them communists
      - 1970 arrest of Angela Davis for her connection in a shootout in California
        
        Black radicals reflected on the incarceration impulse gripping white Americans
        
        certain criminalisation of the black power movement
      - Panthers became the primary target of FBI in 1969
      - Officially DISSOLVE in 1982
    - - Founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in CA, 1966
        
        reached peak in 1970
      - Framed on belief that AAs were living in an internal colony inside the US
      - Helped bring Black Power to international prominence, gave them a larger platform
      - Wanted free healthcare for all AAs and oppressed people