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Glacio-fluvial landforms exist as a result of climate change at the end of…
Glacio-fluvial landforms exist as a result of climate change at the end of glacial periods
Kames
Hill or hummock composed of stratified sand and gravel laid down by glacial meltwater
Delta kame
En-glaical streams emerging at the snout of the glacier, they lose energy and deposit their load
Supraglacial streams deposit material on entering ice-marginal lakes, losing energy as they enter the static body of water
Kame terrace
Ridges of material running along the edge of the valley floor
Supraglacial streams on the edge of the glacier pick up and carry lateral moraine which is later deposited on the valley floor as the glacier retreats
Unlike lateral moraines they are composed of glacio-fluvial deposits that are more rounded and sorted
Kingsdale valley of the Yorkshire Dales a kame terrace extends for 2km
Eskers
Long sinuous ridge composed of stratified sand and gravel laid down by glacial meltwater
Material is deposited in sub-glacial tunnels as the supply of the meltwater decreases at the end of the glacial period
Sub-glaical streams carry huge amount of debris under pressure in confined tunnels at the base of the glacier
Some are beaded as the glacial snout retreats the point of deposition will gradually move backwards
Trim Esker Dublin is 14.5km long and 4-15m high
Modification
Repeated advance and retreat modify and alter the appearance of landforms which are also subject to weathering, erosion and colonisation by vegetation in post-glacial times
As temperatures continue to rise, further melting and retreat of glaciers results in the production of more meltwater and thus a greater expanse and accumulation of outwash material in the pro-glacial zone
Kames and Eskers will be exposed in greater number and of greater length during this continued retreat
As temperatures increase, so does the growing season for vegetation. Exposed outwash material tends to become colonised over time, by succession
Outwash plains / sandurs
Flat expanse of sediment in the pro-glacial area
As meltwater streams gradually lose energy as they enter lowland areas beyond the ice front, they deposit their load
Largest material is deposited nearest to the ice front and finest furthest away
Braiding occurs due to the amount of material carried by the river and the fluctuations in the volume of the water flow. Daily and annually