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Biology Paper 1 - Coggle Diagram
Biology Paper 1
Bioenergetics
Photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll - Green pigment found in chloroplasts which absorbs light energy from the sun to be used in photosynthesis
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Palisade mesophyll - Tissue found in the plant that contains many chloroplasts so that the rate of photosynthesis can occur
Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction that takes energy from the sun to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.
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Rate of Photosynthesis
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The inverse square law states that the intensity of light decreases proportionally to the square of the distance from its source.
For example, if the distance is doubled, the light intensity decreases to 1/4 of its original value.
Farmers can synthesise these optimal conditions by using a greenhouse to allow for light in as well as keeping out pests
They can also use a parrafin heater however these rely on fossil fuels so have adverese effects on the environment
Respiration
Aerobic respiration is an exothermic reaction, it occurs when their is sufficent amounts of oxygen available it produces carbon dioxide and water from glucose.
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Energy from respiration can be used to make larger molecules from smaller ones, as well as active transport and maintaining body temperature
Anaerobic respiration
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Anaerobic respiration involves the incomplete breakdown of glucose, which in animals lactic acid is formed
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Lactic acid has to be removed as its harmful to the body and causes muscle fatigue, to do this lactic acid is sent to the liver via the blood, so that oxygen can be added to it to turn it into glucose. The oxygen that is rapidly taken in after exercise is used, hence the panting
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Exercise
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- Arteries supplying muscles dilate
- Breathing rate and breath volume increase
This means more oxygen is supplied to the muscle for respiration and therefore more CO2, Lactic acid and heat can be removed from the muscle cells
Long periods of exercise can cause muscle fatigue, so the muscles don't perform as well
Metabolism
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Metabolism includes reactions that build up larger molecules from smaller ones, and reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller ones.
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Infection and Response
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Vaccines
Vaccine is a inactive form of the pathogen you are trying to prevent against. This stiumlates an immune response and produces antibodies specific to the pathogens antigens, marking it for destruction
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If a large amounts of the population are vaccinated then there is a smaller chance of a disease being able to spread - herd immunity
