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Mao's economic, social and foreign policy - Coggle Diagram
Mao's economic, social and foreign policy
Foreign policy
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The Sino-Soviet Rift, 1958-76
Mao's alliance with Stalin in the Korean war played an important part in strenghtening his consolidation of power
But when Nikita Khruschev emerged as Stalin's successor and denounced Stalin's actions, Mao's position was weakened which contributed to the Hunred Flowers Campaign
Tensions, which increased when Mao was braced for war with Taiwan in 1958 but backed down as USA threatened to retaliate and Mao blamed the Soviets for not offering their support
Mocking Sino-Soviet propaganda in both countries, Anti-USSR policies by PRC in Albania and Yugoslavia
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After Mao died, Deng Xiaoping tried to adopt a more tolerant approach to the USSR
Relations with the US
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Anti-American campaigns and China's moral and diplomatic support of USA's enemies during the Vietnam war heightened tensions
"Third Line" was a defensive strategy by Mao in case western powers would attack China, planned for a vast network of fortifications across China, above and below ground, to withstand heavy bombardment
"Ping Pong diplomacy", Mao invited the US tennis team to play in China 1971, Mao aimed to undermine the position of USSR by warming to the USA
Mao and Nixon met in 1972, "parting of the Bamboo curtain", was a major diplomatic success for the former rival nationals and PRC crept out of isolation
Economy
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State-owned enterprises
State industry was brought under government control and private firms and companies worked for state owned enterprises, SOEs
SOEs were given state subsidies and workers received a guaranteed wage, however, there was no incentive for the SOEs to become effective because any surplus was given to the state
"Iron rice bowl", workers were given accommodation and medical benefits
Fundamental weaknesses, such as the production of materials was not reflected in production of manufactured goods, lack of managerial know-how and technical skill
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Mao also refused to accept responsibility for failure, instead blaming bourgeoisie and the poor administration
The Great Famine, 1958-1962
The collectivisation of land led to increased production, however, this was not reaching the urban workforce, which led to a severe labour shortage
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Mao started to doubt the peasants and their agricultural expertise, replacing it with Lysenkoism, which attempted to yeild "super crops"
Absurd methods such as destroying birds to eradicate pests, resulting in the tragic explosion of crop-eating insects and vermins who ate the grain stocks
The state was holding on to their requisitioning of the grain, and resistant peasants were labeled as rightist and sent to prison camps
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