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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) - Coggle Diagram
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
Definition
Description
Autoimmune disorder causing isolated low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
Absence of other causes of thrombocytopenia
Types
Acute ITP: Mostly in children, self-limiting
Chronic ITP: Adults, lasting more than 6 months
Epidemiology
Incidence
Children and adults
Peaks in childhood and in adults aged 50-60 years
Gender
More common in females, especially in chronic form
Pathophysiology
Autoimmune Mechanism
Autoantibodies targeting platelet glycoproteins
Platelet destruction in the spleen
Cellular Dynamics
Reduced platelet lifespan
Compensatory increase in megakaryocytes in bone marrow
Clinical Presentation
Symptoms
Easy or excessive bruising (purpura)
Petechiae
Bleeding from gums or nose
Signs
Splenomegaly (uncommon)
Severe bleeding episodes (rare)
Diagnosis
Laboratory Tests
Low platelet count
Normal hemoglobin and white cell count
Exclusion of Other Causes
Bone marrow examination (if indicated)
Ruling out other causes of thrombocytopenia (e.g., leukemia, medication-induced)
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Normal hemoglobin and white cells
Excludes anemia and leukopenia, which would suggest other hematological disorders
Treatment
First-Line Therapies
Corticosteroids: First choice for initial treatment
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): For rapid increase of platelet count
Second-Line Therapies
Splenectomy: Considered after failure of medical therapy
Rituximab: For refractory cases
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists: For chronic ITP
Supportive Care
Avoidance of medications that affect platelet function (e.g., NSAIDs)
Patient education on bleeding risks and precautions