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Gene Expression at the Molecular Level - Coggle Diagram
Gene Expression at the
Molecular Level
Overview of Gene Expression
Gene Function: Genes dictate traits via protein functions
Central Dogma: Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein, involving transcription and translation.
Transcription
Process: DNA is transcribed to RNA, then processed into mRNA in eukaryotes
Stages: Initiation (DNA unwinds), elongation (RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA), termination (RNA polymerase detaches)
RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
Modifications: Addition of a 5' cap, poly-A tail, and splicing to remove introns
Alternative Splicing: Produces multiple proteins from one gene.
Translation and the Genetic Code
Mechanism: mRNA codons are translated into amino acids forming polypeptides.
Components: Involves mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, enzymes, and factors. Consists of initiation, elongation, and termination stages
Machinery of Translation
Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, made of rRNA and proteins.
tRNA: Matches mRNA codons with amino acids.
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase: Charges tRNA with correct amino acids.
Stages of Translation
Initiation: Starts at the mRNA start codon.
Elongation: Amino acids are added to the polypeptide.
Termination: Ends when a stop codon is reached, releasing the polypeptide.