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Waves, Sound, and Light - Coggle Diagram
Waves, Sound, and Light
Waves
Waves transfer energy.
A wave is a disturbance
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place or another
Forces and Waves: force is required to change motion of an object
Materials and Waves
medium: any substance that a wave moves through
mechanical waves: waves that transfer energy through matter
Energy and Waves
Waves can be classified by how they move
Transverse Waves
wave travels perpendicularly to the direction of the disturbance
Longitudinal Waves
wave travels in the same direction as the diturbance
Waves have measurable properties
Waves have amplitude, wavelength, and frequency
Measuring Wave Properties
crest: highest point of a wave
trough: lowest point of a wave
Amplitude: distance between crest and trough
wavelength distance from crest to crest
frequency: number of waves
How Frequency and Wavelength Are Related: frequency increases, wavelength decreases, and vice versa. Frequency and wavelength have an inverse relationship
Graphing Wave Properties
Wave speed can be measured.
Speed = wavelength * frequency
S=λf
Waves behave in predictable ways.
Waves interact with materials
Reflection
bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a barrier
Refraction
the bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle other than 90 degrees.
Diffraction
spreading out of waves through an opening or around the edge of and obstacle
Waves interact with other waves
Interference: meeting and combining of waves
Waves Adding Together
Constructive Interference
Waves Canceling Each Other Out
Destructive Interference
Sound
Sound is a wave.
Sound is a type of mechanical wave
sound: a wave that is produced by a vibrating object and travels through matter
vibration: a rapid, back-and-forth motion
How Sound Waves Are Produced
How Sound Waves Are Detected
Sound waves vibrate particles.
vacuum: empty space
The speed of sound depends on its medium.
The Effect of the Material
The Effect of Temperature
Frequency determines pitch.
Pitch depends on the frequency of a sound wave.
pitch: characteristic of highness or lowness of a sound
High and Low Frequencies
hertz (Hz): one complete wave or cycle per second
ultrasound: sound waves in the range above 20,000 Hz
Natural Frequencies
resonance: strengthening of a sound wave via touching two objects with the same frequency together
Sound Quality
The motion of the source of a sound affects its pitch.
The Doppler Effect
Doppler effectz: change in perceived pitch that occurs when the source of the receiver of a sound is moving
Frequency and Pitch
Intensity determines loudness
The intensity of sound can be controlled
Amplification
increasing of the strength of an electrical signal
Acoustics
acoustics: scientific study of sound
Intense sound can damage hearing.
Intensity depends on the amplitude of a sound wave.
intensity: sound is the amount of energy its sound wave has
decibel (dB): used to measure sound intensity
Sound has many uses.
Ultrasound waves are used to detect objects.
Echolocation
echolocation
Sonar
sonar
Medical Uses of Ultrasound
Sound waves can produce music.
Sound can be recorded and reproduced
The Telephone
Recorded Sound