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Chapter 6 lesson 2 notes, Vocabulary - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6 lesson 2 notes
Ancient Egypt
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Around 1500 B.C., the Egyptians decided to expand their area. They took control of lands to the south that held gold and seized areas along the Red Sea that had myrrh.
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They paid a share of their crops to the government. The government’s leaders also made them work on important projects, or planned activities. These projects included building temples and other monuments. Sometimes the people had to fight in the pharaoh’s armies.
Egypt also conquered the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. That gave them control of the timber there. Egypt’s kings gained wealth by taxing conquered peoples.
For most of the next 3,000 years, kings called pharaohs ruled the land.
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About 5,000 years ago, two kingdoms along the Nile were united into one.
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Over time, some members of this early society began to do other things besides farming. Some made pottery. Others crafted jewelry. Some became soldiers. A few became kings.
The Egyptians practiced polytheism, which is the belief in many gods. The sun god was one of the most important of their gods. His daily journey through the sky brought the warmth needed to grow crops. The pharaoh, Egyptians believed, connected them to the gods. He made sure that they would flourish as a people.
The rich floodwaters of the Nile allowed farmers to produce enough food to support a growing population.
Egyptians believed in life after death. Because of this belief, the pharaohs had vast tombs built for themselves. The tombs were filled with riches, food, and other goods. These goods were meant to support the pharaohs in the afterlife. When the pharaoh died, his body was preserved as a mummy and placed in the tomb.
People have been living along the banks of the Nile River for thousands of years. As many as 8,000 years ago, people settled in the area to farm.
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Historians know much about ancient Egypt because the Egyptians had a system of writing. The system, called hieroglyphics, used pictures to represent sounds or words.
The Egyptians made many advances in mathematics and science. They used mathematics to measure farm fields and to figure out taxes.
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At first the tombs were low structures built of bricks. Around 2600 B.C., the first pyramid was built as a tomb. These huge tombs, made of rock, were built by thousands of workers. Later, the pharaohs stopped building pyramids. Instead, workers carved their tombs out of rocky cliffs.
Egyptian civilization arose along the Nile River, and Egyptians depended on the Nile for their livelihood. They built cities and organized government.
They built new settlements in many areas. One was a city in what is now Tunisia. They called it Carthage. Within about 200 years, the city had grown powerful. It controlled North Africa from modern Tunisia to Morocco. It also ruled parts of modern Spain and Italy.
They built new settlements in many areas. One was a city in what is now Tunisia. They called it Carthage. Within about 200 years, the city had grown powerful. It controlled North Africa from modern Tunisia to Morocco. It also ruled parts of modern Spain and Italy.
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Some of this knowledge was spread to other areas through trade and conquest. Later, Egypt had one of the world’s earliest libraries. It was built in the 200s B.C., when Greece conquered and ruled Egypt. The library stored many important works of ancient literature.
Today, people use the Internet to contact each other anywhere in the world. In ancient times, people had to make contact in person.
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The people of North Africa used the Mediterranean Sea to make this contact with other peoples. Sometimes they were joined by trade. Other times they were joined by conflict.
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During Roman times, many North Africans converted, or changed, religions
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