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Waves and Sound - Coggle Diagram
Waves and Sound
2.1 Sound is a wave
Sound waves vibrate particles
Sound waves transfer the motion of particles too small to see from one place to another.
Vacuum: Empty space
The speed of sound depends on its medium
The Effect of the material
Sound travels faster through liquids than it does through gases because liquids are denser than gases.
The Effect of Temperature
Sounds travles faster through a medium at higher temperatures than at lower ones.
Sound is a type of mechanical wave
Vibration: A rapid, back-and-forth motion.
How sound waves are produced
A vibrating object pushes and pulls on the medium around it and sends out waves in all directions.
Sound: a wave that is produced by a vibrating object and travels through matter.
How sound waves are detected
1.1 Waves Transfer Energy
A wave is a disturbance
Wave: A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another. It can transfer energy over distance without moving matter the entire distance.
Forces and Waves
Forces can start a disturbance, sending a wave through a material.
Materials and Waves
Medium: Any substance that a wave moves through.
Mechanical Waves: Waves that transfer energy through matter.
Energy and Waves
The transfer of energy
Waves can be classified by how they move.
Transverse Waves
Transverse Waves: The direction in which the wave travels is perpendicular, or at right angles, to the direction of the disturbance.
Longittudinal Waves
1.2 Waves have measurable properties
Waves have amplitude, wavelength, and frequency.
Measuring Wave properties
Amplitude: The distance between a line through the middle of a wave and a cret or trough.
Wavelength: The distance fron one wave crest tp the very next crest.
Trough: The lowest point, or valley, of a wave.
Frequency: The number of waves passing a fixed point in a certain amount of time.
Crest: The highest point, or peak, of a wave
Graphing wave properties
The graph of a transverse wave looks much like a wave itself.
How frequency and wavelength are related
When frequency increases more wave crests pass a fixed point each second.
Wave speed can be measured
Speed = wavelength * frequency
1.3 Waves behave in predictable ways
Waves interact with materials.
Refraction
The bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle other than 90 degrees.
Diffraction
Diffraction: The spreading out of waves through an opening or around the edge of an obstacle.
Reflection
Reflection: The bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a barrier
Waves interact with other waves
Waves adding together
The adding of two waves is called constructive interference. It builds up, or constructs, a larger wave out of two smaller ones.
Waves canceling each other out
When two very similar waves come together, the crest of one wave joins brefly with the trough of the other. The energy of one wave subtracted from the energy of the other, making the new wave smaller than the original waves. This process is called
destructive interference
Interference: The meeting and cpmbining of waves.