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Waves Sound, and Light - Coggle Diagram
Waves Sound, and Light
Waves
Waves Transfer Energy
A wave is a disturbance
Wave
A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another.
Forces and Waves
Materials and Waves
A medium is any substance that a wave moves through.
Mechanical waves are waves that transfer energy through matter.
Energy and Waves
Waves can be classified by how they move
Transverse Waves
A transverse wave is where the direction in which the wave travels is perpendicular to the direction of the disturbance
Longitudinal Waves
A longitudinal wave is a wave that travels in the same direction as the disturbance
Waves have measurable properties
Waves have amplitude, wavelength, and frequency
Measuring wave properties
Crest
Highest point, or peak, of a wave
Trough
The lowest point, or valley, of a wave
Amplitude
For a transverse wave is the distance between a line through the middle of a wave and a crest or trough.
Wavelength
The distance from one wave crest to the very next crest
Frequency
The number of waves passing a fixed point in a certain amount of time
How frequency and wavelength are related
Graphing wave properties
Wave speed can be measured
S=λf Speed=wavelength x frequency
Waves behave in predictable ways
Waves interact with materials
Reflection
Reflection is the bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a barrier
Refraction
Refraction is the bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle other than 90 degrees
Diffraction
Diffraction is the spreading out of waves through an opening or around the edge of an obstacle
Waves interact with other waves
Waves adding together
Interference is the meeting and combining of waves
Waves canceling each other out
Sound
Sound is a wave
Sound is a type of mechanical wave
Sound is a wave that is produced by a vibrating object and travels through matter
Vibration is a rapid, back-and-forth motion.
How sound waves are produced
How sound waves are detected (ears)
Sound waves vibrate particles
A vacuum is empty space
The speed of sound depends on its medium
The effect of the material
The effect of temperature
Frequency determines pitch
Pitch depends on the frequency of a sound wave
High and Low frequencies
A hertz (Hz) is one complete wave, or cycle, per second
Natural Frequencies
Sound Quality (another word is timbre)
The motion of the source of a sound affects its pitch
The Doppler Effect
The Doppler effect is the change in perceived pitch that occurs when the source or the receiver of a sound is moving
Frequency and Pitch
Intensity determines Loudness
Intensity depends on the amplitude of a sound wave
Intensity of a sound is the amount of energy its sound wave has
A unit called the decibel (dB) is used to measure sound intensity
The intensity of sound can be controlled
Amplification
Amplification is the increasing of the strength of an electrical signal
Acoustics
The scientific study of sound. Involves how sound is produced and how it is received and heard by humans and animals.
Intense sound can damage hearing
Sound has many uses
Ultrasound waves are used to detect objects
Echolocation
Echolocation is sending out ultrasound waves and interpreting the returning sound echoes
Sonar
Sonar are instruments that use echolocation to locate objects
Medical uses of ultrasound
Sound waves can produce music
Sound can be recorded and reproduced
The telephone
Recorded Sound