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Waves, Sound, and Light - Coggle Diagram
Waves, Sound, and Light
Waves
Waves Transfer Energy
A wave is a disturbance
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another
Forces and Waves
Materials and Waves
A medium is any substance that a wave moves through
Mechanical Waves are waves that transfer energy through matter
Energy and Waves
Waves can be classified by how they move
Transverse Waves
In a transverse wave, the direction in which the wave travels is perpendicular to the direction of the disturbance.
Longitudinal Waves
In a longitudinal wave, the wave travels in the same direction as the disturbance
Waves have measurable properties
Waves have amplitude, wavelength, and frequency
Measuring Wave Properties
A crest is the highest point of a wave
A trough is the lowest point of a wave
Amplitude is the distance between the middle of a wave and the crest or trough.
Wavelength is the distance from one crest to the next
Frequency is the number of wavelengths passsing a fixed point in a certain amount of time
How Frequency and Wavelength are Related
Graphing Wave Properties
Wave speed can be measured
Speed = Wavelength x Frequency
Waves behave in predictable ways
Waves interact with materials
Reflection
REflection is waves bouncing of a wall
Refraction
Refraction is the bending of a wave
Diffraction
Diffraction is the spreading out of waves
Waves interact with other waves
Waves Adding Together
When one wave with 1 m of amplitude adds with another, they have an amplitude of 2m
Waves Cancelling Each Other Out
When a trough matches up with a crest
Sound
Sound is a wave
Sound is a type of mechanical wave
Sound is a wave that is produced by a vibrating object and travels through matter
A vibration is a rapid, back and forth motion
How sound waves are produced
How sound waves detected
By an ear
Sound waves vibrate particles
A vacuum is empty space
The speed of sound depends on its medium
The Effect of the Material
Sound travels faster in liquid than gas
The Effect of Temperature
High temp = fast speed
Frequency determines pitch
Pitch depends on the frequency of a sound wave
Pitch is the quality of high and low sounds
High and Low Frequencies
A hertz is one complete wavelength per second
Natural Frequencies
The strengthening of a sound wave is called resonance
Sound Quality
The motion of the source of a sound affects its pitch
The doppler effect
The doppler effect is the change in perceived pitch that occurs when the source or receiver of sound is moving
Frequency and Pitch
Sound waves that arrive close together are louder
Intensity determines loudness
Intensity depends on the amplitude of a sound wave
The intensity of a sound is the amount of energy its sound wave has. Measured in decibels (dB)
The intesity of a sound can be controlled
Aplification
Acoustics
Intense sound can damage hearing
Sound has many uses
Ultrasound waves are used to detect objects
Echolocation
Sonar
Medical Uses of Ultrasound
Sound waves can produce music
Sound can be recorded and reproduced
The Telephone
Recorded Sound