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Algerian war (1954-62) - Coggle Diagram
Algerian war (1954-62)
Short-term causes
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economic crisis
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prevented industrialization and development of certain areas of the agricultural sector in order to prevent Algerian competition with France.
- Muslim farmers were not able to pay debts and this led to a rural exodus.
- Thousands headed for the cities in search of work – of which there was little - which made for a tense atmosphere
‘Hitler gives 250 grams of wheat a day and we who are free, we only receive 200 grams. All this must be done away with.’
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long-term causes
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social
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Muslims had a high birth rate, which caused pied-noirs to scare being overrun by Muslims and natives.
one million pieds-noirs, many of whom had been born in Algeria and who regarded it as their home.
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extreme conservatives among this group, who resisted all change, were known as the Ultras
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beginning
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1 November 1954 and involved maquisards, or guerrillas, attacking military and civilians targets throughout Algeria.
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practices
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most of the equipment was WW2 cast-offs, stolen from the French and some from Egypt, Nasser.
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French troops consisted of legionnaires and paratroopers. Harkis, Algerian Muslims who fought with the French, gave the troops strength.
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helicopters
- helped transport groups, locate guerrillas in terrain that would be hard to cover otherwise
- modern-equipped army
guerrilla warfare
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Relied on terrorism→bombed civilian targets, attacking French outposts, ambushes
- French symphatizers were caught, as well as pied-noirs
FNL’s strategy never reached a proper “offensive” and so the organization avoided attacking big french groups
- did not have anti-aircraft missiles which made the French strategy more effective.
- The environment – open and arid terrain – made it easier for the French army to identify FLN forces on the ground.
The FLN used terror against civilians to deter the population from working with the French authorities.
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FLN
UDMA (equality) aand Ulema (traditional islamic laws) merged to form MTLD, which would create the basis for FLN.
The FLN was set up in 1954 in Cairo, Egypt
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range of different social groups and varied ideologies unified by the aim of achieving an independent Algeria.
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Relied on terrorism→bombed civilian targets, attacking French outposts, ambushes
- French symphatizers were caught, as well as pied-noirs
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- elite legionnaires and “paras” were sent after them
- “search and destroy”-missions
to eliminate guerrillas infiltrating to rural villages, more than 600 000 citizens from villages around Algeria were relocated to camps. the empty villages became free-kill zones since whoever was in the village would be shot, most likely a guerrilla
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