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Grammar Translation Method (GTM), Student roles, Criticisms, Teaching…
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Student roles
1.
– Students primarily listen to the teacher’s explanations and observe how sentences are formed in the target language.
– Repetition is a key aspect of this method. Students repeat words, phrases, and sentences to reinforce their memory and understanding.
3.
– A significant portion of the class involves translating sentences between the target language and the native language.
– Students are required to memorize vocabulary, grammatical rules, and sometimes entire passages.
– Students engage in written exercises such as completing sentences, transforming sentences, and translating paragraphs to reinforce grammar and vocabulary.
6.
– Communication in the target language is limited, and the emphasis is more on written language than on spoken language.
– In advanced stages, students may be introduced to literary texts in the target language, and they may analyze and translate these texts.
Criticisms
- Limited Emphasis on Communication:
– One major criticism is the limited emphasis on oral communication.
- Rote Learning and Lack of Context:
– Critics argue that the method relies heavily on rote memorization, lacking the context and authenticity provided by more communicative teaching approaches.
- Ineffective for Developing Speaking Skills:
– The Grammar-Translation Method is often deemed ineffective for developing oral skills.
- Unrealistic Language Use:
– Some critics contend that the focus on translation can lead to unnatural and stilted language use, as students may prioritize literal translations over idiomatic expressions.
Teaching Techniques
- Translation Exercises:
– Translation of sentences, paragraphs, and sometimes entire texts between the target language and the native language is a core activity. This aims to deepen understanding of grammatical structures and enhance vocabulary.
- Oral Repetition:
– Students engage in oral repetition for pronunciation practice. While not a primary focus, it serves as a supplement to written exercises.
- Written Drills:
– Various written exercises, such as completing sentences, transforming sentences, and grammatical drills, are used to reinforce language elements.
Advantages
- Cultural and Literary Understanding:
– The Grammar-Translation Method facilitates an in-depth understanding of the cultural and literary aspects of the language through the analysis of classical and modern texts.
- Development of Analytical Skills:
– Students develop strong analytical skills as they dissect complex sentence structures and grapple with intricate grammatical rules during translation exercises.
Teacher Role
teach the grammar rules then give examples. Teachers teach in the mother tongue with little active use of the targeted language.