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Evolution - Coggle Diagram
Evolution
Head Lice & Natural Selection
Head lice have been infesting peoples heads for a milennia
Over centuries many different mutations have produced different alleles
There is a lot of
genetic variation
in the head louse
population
due to the
large number of different alleles
created via meiosis
Drug companies develop shampoos containing chemicals which kill lice
(Selection Pressure)
For a while all but a very few number of head lice get killed by the chemicals on the shampoo, Head lice are no longer a problem
The few that remain survive as they happen to have alleles which make them resistant to the chemicals
The survivors get together and breed. They produce offspring that inherit the alleles that makes them resistant to the chemical
The
alleles
for resistance to the chemical become
more frequent
in the population (head lice have
evolved
)
Soon virtually all head lice are resistant
Now when people use the shampoo, head lice are not killed & head lice become a problem one again (Natural Selection)
Traditional Taxonomy
Do = Domain
K = Kingdom
P = Phylum
Crisps = Class
Only = Order
Fry = Family
Good = Genus
Spuds = Species
Requirements for rapid evolution
Strong selection pressure
Large gene pool created by a large population (lots of alleles for each gene in the species)
Rapid reproduction rate
Molecular Phylogeny
We can use 3 biological molecules to investigate evolutionary relationships
The more similarities in these molecules the more recently the species shared a common ancestor
1: DNA Sequence = Genomics
2: mRNA Sequence
3: Primary Structure of a Proteins = Proteomics