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The effect of climate change on infectious disease - WNV - Zoonotic…
The effect of climate change on infectious disease - WNV - Zoonotic disease
Transmission
From the bites of infected mosquitoes who get it from feeding on infected birds. The virus then gets into the mosquitos salivary glands
Through contact with other infected animals - their blood
Human infections occurred through organ transplant, blood transfusion and breast milk
To date, no human-to-human transmission through casual contact
Effects of the disease
8/10 people are asymptomatic
1/5 people develop a fever with other symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pain and diarrhoea
1/150 people develop a severe illness affecting the central nervous system (meningitis)
Headache
High fever
Disorientation
Coma
Tremors
Vision loss
Paralysis
Some effects to the CNS may be permanent
People over the age of 50 and with certain medical conditions are of greater risk of serious ilness
Efforts to limit the spread
Hospitalisation, intravenous fluids, respiratory support and prevention of secondary infections
Vaccines have been developed for horses
No vaccine available for humans.
Only way to reduce infection in people is raising awareness of the risk factors and educating people about measures they can take to reduce exposure to virus.
Reducing risk of mosquito transmission
Reduce risk of animal-to-human transmission. Gloves and other protective clothing should be worn while handling sick animals or their tissues, and during slaughtering and culling procedures
Reducing the risk of transmission through blood transfusion and organ transplant
Pesticides and wearing mosquito nets
How climate change will affect the transmission in the future
The warmer temperatures associated with climate change can accelerate mosquito development, biting rates , and the incubation of the disease within a mosquito
Effect of climate change on the timing of bird migration and breeding patterns may also contribute to changes in long-range virus movement