The welfare of a mother and her pups should be taken into account when addressing the environment they will be raised in.

Genetic factors as well as environmental factors affect a dogs behavior and aggression.

Puppy mill dogs can have increased aggression towards owners and other people due to constant stressors.

The mental strain on puppy shop and mill dogs causes adverse behavior and makes them less agreeable animals.

"The origin of the dog was a risk factor for aggression toward household members, with a 1.8 times increased risk of aggression toward family members in dogs from “other” sources (including pet shops) having an increased risk of aggression
toward family members as compared to those obtained directly from breeders (pg 19, para 2)

"dogs born in high-volume com- mercial breeding establishments and sold to the consumer directly via the Internet or indirectly through retail pet stores revealed an increased incidence of behavioral and emotional problems that cause distress in adulthood compared with dogs from other sources, especially noncommercial breeders." (para 1)

"Studying dog breed popularities has an important applied goal in identifying welfare-compromised breeds that may be becoming increasingly popular, especially via traditionally “under the radar” breeding and sales. For example, short-muzzled, brachycephalic dogs such as the Chihuahua, French bulldog and Pug have significant health and welfare risks associated with their conformation (Pg 1, para 2)

"The demand for online pet sales seems likely to grow further in future years, but is associated with a number of problems, including heightened potential for animal welfare problems associated with non- regulated breeding and importation (pg 8, para 3)"

"The possibility that relative breed popularities as determined by online advertisements represent “grass-roots” trends that take time to filter through to Kennel Club registrations (akin to new street- fashion trends taking a season or two to emerge into cat-walk shows and designer clothes) was explored by correlating the online 2016/17 data with Kennel Club data in the years both preceding (pg 6, para 3)"

Studies investigating dog breed popularity often take date from only certain kennel clubs, leading to inaccurate information.

Popularity of breeds without information being spread bout potential genetic defects or health concerns has led to lower life expectancies.

Monitoring trends is important in order to investigate ownership trends and animal welfare.

The importance of accurate data from kennel clubs and research is often overlooked in order to promote breed popularity.

The article is peer reviewed by academic editors, as well as being written by a veterinarian.

The source was written as an honors thesis for an accredited university, and is reviewed and approved by PhDs and veterinarians.

Orris is a popular outdoors company, and the article is reviewed.

Puppy mills are one of the leading factors of unhealthily produced dogs.

"The revised restrictions — set to take effect January 1, 2019 — will require pet store owners to sell dogs, cats and rabbits from animal shelters, rescue groups or adoption centers. According to the legislation signed by Gov. Jerry Brown Friday, stores could receive fines of $500 for the sale of an animal that is not a rescue. (para 1)"

"Private pet store owners fear the bill will hurt business and limit consumer access to the most popular breeds. In the eyes of animal rights activists, the new mandate represents a win for voiceless, defenseless pets. (para 6)"

"According to the Humane Society, irresponsible breeding leads to an estimated 1.5 million animals euthanized across the United States each year and puppy mills supply a shocking 99 percent of dogs sold in pet stores nationwide (para 4)".

The legislation has been inecffective and there needs to be stricter laws put into place.

Missouri has some of the worst puppy mills and needs to be more aggressively governed.

"Included in those reports were the hallmarks of unsafe breeding operations. Dogs were underweight, had patches of hair loss, were injured, had lice and lived in filthy conditions without water. (para 5)"

"The idea is that mass breeders can no longer sell to pet stores, cutting off the economic lifeline that keeps these dangerous operations running. That’s a drastic step given that there are some responsible breeders in Missouri who rely on the business. (para 13)

"Most likely, regulators just can’t keep up. A nearly decade-old report from the Better Business Bureau of Missouri found that an alarming one-third of puppies across the country comes from Missouri. As you can imagine, Missouri does not employ one-third of all puppy mill investigators in the country. (para 8)"

Puppies born in kennels and exposed to high levels of stress at a young age will generally develop less well behaved patters and issues.

The development of puppies in the neonatal stage is extremely important to determining their behaviors in adulthood.

Environments have a large impact on animals development, especially dogs.

"Various circumstances such as poor maternal care, alimentary disorders, physical stress and diseases can negatively affect neuronal development (Chapillon et al., 2002), modifying the activity of physiological systems involved in the stress response and cognitive functions (para 4)"

"It can be hypothesised that isolation is less stressful for puppies coming from breeding kennels than for those raised in home environments per se; this may reflect that isolation, and its concurrent low level of stimulation, is more similar to the normal living conditions of the kennel bred dogs. (pg 7, para 4)

The USDA does not enforce the laws very much due to having relationships with puppy dealers.

The number of documented violations of breeding laws has increased.

There has been in increase in the number of reported puppy mills due to legislation, but it may not be enough.

"Another factor in the increase of documented violations may be removal of Teachable Moments from USDA inspections after Congress ordered the agency to end this ineffective program and on the heels of a lawsuit the ASPCA filed against the USDA in 2021 for failure to enforce the Animal Welfare Act. (para 6)"

The source if from a reputable company that researches animal treatment and rescues.

Making popular breeds harder to adopt will help to make it less likely for them to be surrendered since potential owners will need to work harder and be more educated on the responsibilities of having a dog/

Genetic defects caused by bad breeding and real life example of it.

The laws against puppy mills have been a good start towards getting rid of them, but there is still more to be done since they are somewhat easily avoidable,