Cultural land management and community-centered disaster risk reduction- This involves engaging local communities, in land management practices that reduce fire risk, it aims to mitigate fire impacts by promoting sustainable land practices, reducing fuel loads and enhancing community resilience, communities were more prepared through education, training and community led initiatives which helped them deal with bushfires, community workshops were an example on fire safety and preparedness, this helped benefit the landscape health and biodiversity, reduced fire intensity in treated areas and strengthen the community, it costs around the hundreds of thousands to low millions of dollars, this strategy was partially successful as while it contributed to fire risk reduction, challenges remain scaling up cultural practices and integrating them with existing fire management approaches.