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Which component of urine (“fake”) may have the greatest effect on the…

- - - - Refers to the Salt concentration in the Urine. Both Sodium and Chloride are vital electrolytes that assist in fluid balance (tests et al., 2023).
    - - An organic compound formed during the degradation of nitrogen and protein - The Major Component of the Fake Urine
    - - Only present in minimal amounts within Urine (Brennan, 2021).
  - - - Monomers
      - Cross-Linking
        
        Chemical Properties
        
        Structural Integrity
        
        Polymer Chains being linked to one Another via Ionic or Covalent Bonding. Extensive amounts result in 3 Dimensional Networks
      - Degree of Polymerization
        
        Amount of monomeric units in a macromolecule or more broadly a polymer
    - - Hydrogels are 3-Dimensional (3D) crosslinked natural or synthetic hydrophilic polymers, acknowledged for water and fluid retention in their structure without dissolving (Wang and Zeng, 2015).
        
        Water Retention
        
        Application in Nappies - The chainlike polymer molecules form a mesh from the repetitive cross-linking of polymer chains, and hydrophilic functional groups attached to the polymeric backbone, allowing for the polymers to easily latch onto water molecules. Being tangled and tightly bonded, this results in products upholding structural integrity, unable to be degraded nor dissolved by water molecules. Their resistance to dissolution also arises from the degree of cross-links between the network chains Temming (2023).
        
        Absorption Power
        
        Absorption underlines a chemical or physical phenomenon in which the molecules, ions, or atoms of a substance enters the bulk phase (gas, liquid, or solid) of the material body where it is taken up. Distributed evenly throughout the material, the extent of such absorption is altered by a multitude of factors (Corrosionpedia, n.d.).
- - - - With inexperience, external factors that are not controlled as a result of limited manipulation, such as temperature of the testing room, pH levels of the solution, and the quantity of solution will continually alter. This will challenge the external validity, influencing the generalization of the results
- - - - Milk
        
        The common pH value for Urine is situated around 6.0 to 7.5, whereas milk and breast milk sits around 6.4 to 6.8. (Weatherspoon, 2022). Though it can slightly contribute to the alkaline nature of Urine, there are a multitude of other factors at play within metabolic processes and external influence.
  - - - The concentration of the utilized "fake" urine contents plays an influential role on the absorption effectiveness of a hydrogel. The solute concentration present in an implemented solution has been discovered to be linked through a quantitative relationship with osmotic pressure . Thus, causing an increased or decreased effectiveness of absorption for the hydrogel nappy (cr.middlebury.edu, n.d.).
        
        Precise relationship between the osmotic pressure or potential of a solution (pi) and solute concentration (C), a proportionality constant (R) and the absolute temperature (T):
- - - - Gavimetric Analysis
        
        Stated before, a gravimetric analysis in Chemistry refers to measuring the mass differentiation before and after to determine the amount altered by an action. This would involve measuring the initial hydrogel mass before and after the absorption of a mixture of water alongside a specific component of the Fake Urine. After the absorption under a specific time period, the weight will be measured, and the differentiation will be the amount absorbed or rate of absorption.
      - The swelling ratio, defined as the difference between the initial weight of a dry microgel and the after weight of a fully swollen gel, divided by the initial weight, can be utilized to measure absorption effectiveness (Lee, n.d.). This can also be compared with volumes or other geometric dimensions