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The Eukaryotic cell, Mitosis, and Meiosis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Importance in Agriculture: Polyploidy is common and important in plant breeding for agriculture.
      - Benefits: Polyploid plants are often larger in size, more robust, and can withstand harsh environmental conditions better than diploid plants.
      - Examples: Many crop plants, such as wheat and cotton, are polyploid hybrids that exhibit desirable traits due to polyploidy .
  - - - Tolerance: Animals generally do not tolerate deviations from diploidy well.
      - Lethal Effects: Most animals with abnormal chromosome numbers due to polyploidy do not survive.
      - Exceptions: Some animals, such as male bees, certain amphibians, and reptiles, can tolerate polyploidy and exhibit unique characteristics
- - - - The organism exists in a haploid state, meaning it has one set of chromosomes (n).
      - Haploid cells undergo mitosis to produce gametes (e.g., sperm and egg cells) through the process of gametogenesis.
      - Fertilization of gametes results in the formation of a diploid zygote.
  - - - The zygote develops into a multicellular diploid organism called the sporophyte, which has two sets of chromosomes (2n).
      - The sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores.
      - Haploid spores germinate and develop into haploid gametophytes, completing the cycle.