Gene Expression at the molecular level

First Observation

1908: Garrod observed patients with alkaptonuria

Proposed relationship between mutant gene and metabolic defect

Linked genes to enzyme production

Beadle and Tatum's Work

1940: Beadle and Tatum studied Bread Mold (Neurospora crassa)

One gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis

Mutated strains lacked specific enzymes in arginine pathway

Concluded single gene controls synthesis of single enzyme

Gene Expression

Proteins determine organism traits

Transcription

Process of making a copy of gene for protein translation

Difference in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

RNA processing in eukaryotes

Cap and Poly-A tail

Translation

Translocation

Elongation

Initiation

Termination

Protein Folding