Gene Expression at the molecular level
First Observation
1908: Garrod observed patients with alkaptonuria
Proposed relationship between mutant gene and metabolic defect
Linked genes to enzyme production
Beadle and Tatum's Work
1940: Beadle and Tatum studied Bread Mold (Neurospora crassa)
One gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis
Mutated strains lacked specific enzymes in arginine pathway
Concluded single gene controls synthesis of single enzyme
Gene Expression
Proteins determine organism traits
Transcription
Process of making a copy of gene for protein translation
Difference in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
RNA processing in eukaryotes
Cap and Poly-A tail
Translation
Translocation
Elongation
Initiation
Termination
Protein Folding