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Chapter 1 How Connected Was Early Singapore to the Region and the…

- - - - Srivijaya
        c. 650-c. 1370s
        
        Port of Palembang in Sumatra
        
        Suppressed piracy making it safer for ships to sail and trade in the region
        
        What led to the decline of Srivijaya in the 11th century?
        
        External threats
        Invasions from the:
        
        Chola Kingdom
        
        Siamese Kingdom
        
        Majapahit (Java)
        (c. 1290s-c. 1510s)
        
        » Trade shifted northwards
        
        Trade between China and Southeast Asia increased
      - Melaka Sultanate
        c.1400-1511
        
        Parameswara's conversion to Islam and marriage to a Muslim princess from Sumatra
        » attracted Muslim traders
        
        Melaka's status as a vassal of China
        
        Pay tribute to Chinese emperor in return for protection
        » gave Melaka security from threats posed by rivals
        
        Became a dominant trading centre in the region
        
        Attracts traders from Sumatra, India and the Middle East
        
        Trade with Europe grew and this brought European fleets to Southeast Asia
        
        Rise of Melaka in the 15th century
        
        Strategic location
        
        founded along the Straits of Melaka
        
        Control of the Straits would allow countries to move their ships quickly and safely within and beyond Asia
        
        Attempt to control the Straits by:
        
        China
        
        Portugal
        
        Netherlands
        
        Britain
        
        Japan
- - - - June to September
        Southwest monsoons
        Ships departing from Indian Ocean ports for China via Southeast Asia
      - December to March
        Northeast monsoons
        Ships leaving China for Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean
  - - - Other routes through the islands further east would take a longer time to complete
      - Reduced the amount and cost of supplies they needed, and the risk of pirate attacks and accidents
- - - - The Johor Sultanate is established
        1528-Early 19th century
        
        Singapura revived some of its trading functions that were lost during Melaka's dominance