Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Genetic Variation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Overshoot K
        Result in die off
    - - a group of actually or potentially interacting species living in the same location.
        
        influence each species has on the other.
        
        shared environment
  - - - dN/dt = population change over time
        
        K-selected
        
        Fluctuate around carrying capacity
        
        Fairly stable habitats
        
        Perennials
        
        r-selected
        
        Grow exponentially
        
        Disturbed areas
        
        Weedy
        
        Annuals
        
        Little investment in defense
        
        Many, small fruits
  - - - Facilitation
        
        Benefits one, neutral to the othe
        
        Commensalism
        
        Predation
        
        Commensalism
        
        -
        
        Benefits both
        
        Mutualism
        
        Pollination
        
        Neutralism
        
        Benefits one, neutral to the othe
        
        Amensalism
        
        Predation
        
        Amensalism
        
        Negative to one & neutral to other
        
        Competition
- - - - Alleles moving in and out of population
      - Emigration
      - climate change
  - - - Bottleneck from long distance dispersal
      - Natural selection
        
        individuals with the 2 genotype are able to reproduce more and grow in numbers
        
        population size increases
        
        One allele selectively advantageous
        
        Artificial selection
        
        Elimination of undesired traits
        
        Frequency distribution
        
        Max and Min
        
        2 more items...
        
        Increased frequency of desired trait
      - Hawaiian lobeliads
      - 3 types of natural selection
        
        Stabilizing
        
        var0>var1
        
        Disruptive
        
        var0<var1
        
        Directional
        
        var0=var1
- - - - No genetic drift. The population is so large allele frequencies do not change due to random sampling effects
      - No new mutations
      - No migration
      - Random mating
      - No natural selection
    - - Microevolution
        
        Polymorphism
        
        Mutation
        
        Natural selection
        
        Genetic drift
        
        Migration
        
        Nonrandom mating
  - - - allele/total
        
        genotype/total indiv
        
        (p+q)2=12; p2+2pq+q2=1
        
        The frequency of the recessive allele is represented by q
        
        Frequency equals 1
        
        The frequency of the dominant allele is represented by p
- - - - Metaphase 1 bivalves random
        
        Metaphase 2 sister chromatids random
        
        Crossing over
        
        Prophase 1
        
        Synaptonemal complex forms
        
        New combinations of parental cells
        
        One chiasma between each homologous pair
        
        chiasma -a point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis
        
        homologous pair- A pair of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization
        
        Sexual reproduction supports heterozygosity
        
        1 more item...
  - - - Dominance -each individual has specific makeup
        
        Heterozygosity
        One of 2 genes (dominant allele) has a detectable effect
        
        Homozygosity both alleles same
        
        no discernable effect (recessive allele)
        
        has a detectable effect on an organism's appearance
        
        Homozygosity, both alleles are the same
        
        Offspring inherit 2 alleles for a gene
        
        One from each parent
        
        Inherit a homologous chromosome
        
        MONO HYBRID cross
        
        offspring inheritance
        
        2 homozygous parents with different alleles.
        
        Punnett square
        
        1 more item...
        
        1 more item...
        
        Genotype and Phenotypes
        
        Capital letter dominate, lower case recessive allele