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FORMAL INVESTIGATION, QUALITATIVE RESEARCH, ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH, PRIMARY…
FORMAL INVESTIGATION
systematic and structured process of inquiry that is carried out following a set of well-defined methodological steps. This type of research is characterized by its rigour and scientific approach, and is usually carried out in the academic or professional field to obtain new knowledge, validate existing theories or solve specific problems.
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*Literature review: An exhaustive review of existing information related to the subject of study is carried out to understand the state of the art and to inform the research.
Methodological design: The methods and techniques to be used to collect and analyse the data and the type of study to be carried out (exploratory, descriptive, correlative, experimental, etc.) are chosen and described in detail.
Data collection: Data are collected according to established methodological design, using tools such as surveys, interviews, observation, experimentation, etc
Data Analysis: The data collected is processed and interpreted using statistical techniques or other methods of analysis in order to answer the research questions posed.
Conclusions and recommendations: The findings of the study are presented and conclusions drawn based on them. In addition, recommendations can be made for future research or professional practice.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
methodological approach that focuses on understanding and exploring social, cultural or human phenomena from a holistic and contextual perspective
Holistic approach: We seek to understand the phenomenon in its entirety, considering its social, cultural and temporal context.
Descriptive data: Non-numeric data such as interviews, participant observations, focus groups, documents, cultural artifacts, etc.
Flexibility and adaptability: Research design can evolve as data is collected and analyzed, allowing new emerging areas of interest to be explored during the process.
Interpretation and comprehension: Emphasis is placed on in-depth interpretation and understanding of data, seeking to identify underlying patterns, themes and meanings
Contextualization: Attention is paid to the context in which the phenomena studied are developed, recognizing that they are influenced by social, cultural, historical and political factors.
Researcher subjectivity: The researcher’s influence on the research process is recognized and his perspective and position within the study are valued.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Ethnographic researchers often immerse themselves in the participants' natural environment for an extended period, observing and participating in the group’s activities and social relations.
*Participant observation: Researchers not only observe the study group, but also participate in its activities and daily events to gain a fuller understanding of culture and social interactions.
Qualitative data collection: Data is collected through qualitative techniques such as direct observation, in-depth interviews, field diaries, visual records (photographs, videos, audio recordings) and the collection of cultural documents and artifacts.
Interpretive analysis: An interpretive approach is used to analyze the data, seeking to identify patterns, meanings and underlying relationships in the culture studied.
Contextualization: Attention is paid to the social, cultural, historical and political context in which the practices and social relations of the studied group are developed.
Emphasis on subjectivity and empathy: Researchers recognize their own influence and subjectivity in the research process, seeking to understand participants' perspectives and experiences from within their own cultural framework.
PRIMARY RESEARCH
obtaining new and original information for a specific research purpose. This type of research involves designing and carrying out data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, observations, experiments or other techniques, to obtain information that has not yet been previously collected or analyzed.
Original data: The information obtained is not based on existing data but is collected specifically for the study in question.
Researcher Control: The researcher has control over research design, sample selection, data collection methods and analysis of results.
Flexibility: The researcher can tailor the research process as needed to address research questions and study objectives.
Cost and time: Primary research can be costly and time-consuming, as it involves data collection from scratch, especially if a large sample is required or if complex data collection methods are used.
Relevance and specificity: The data collected are directly related to the study’s specific research objectives and questions.