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Deconstruction of urine and hydrogel - Coggle Diagram
Deconstruction of urine and hydrogel
factors that effect the rate of absorption of hydrogel
Temperature, pressure, acidity,
Temperature affects the absorption power of hydrogel. if the surrounding of the hydrogel increases in temperature, the microstructure transforms from crystals to phase that improves the water absorption rate.
Pressure affects the absorption power of hydrogel.
Components of urine
Water is 95% of what is in urine
NaCl,
Urea,
Gluclose,
potasium
organic compounds
Background information
What is urine? It is a liquid containing multiple waste products of metabolism.
What is hydrogel polymer? Hydrogels are a type of polymeric material that can absorb and retain large amounts of water while maintaining their structural integrity. This unique property has led to their widespread use as an absorbent polymer in a variety of applications, including in products like disposable nappies. The use of hydrogels has revolutionised the nappy industry, allowing for thinner and more comfortable designs that can keep babies dry for extended periods of time.
3D structure
Another feature of hydrogels is the presence of huge gaps in their atomic structure, which allows water to flow into these pores and penetrate the sem-permeable material.
Why do hydrogels have the ability to absorb water?
Functional groups:
Hydrogels consists of polar-functional groups that can have dipole-dipole interactions with solvent or potentially hydrogen bonding. The strong intermolecular forces can have high solvent intake from the hydrogel and can retain the solvents absorbed
Large porous 3D structure
Another way hydrogel can absorb water is their atomic structure that have large gaps present that give the ability for water to flow through the semi-permeable and flow into these pores. The hydrogel swells further until it becomes full. The reason solvents enter because of the osmotic pressure between the solvent and the hydrogel itself. When the osmotic pressure between the hydrogel and the solution around it are balanced their wont be any urine left to be absorbed. Cross linked hydrogels are able to absorb more urine than regular hydrogels.Crosslinking allows for primary bonds to hold together he polymer chains rather the use of weak secondary bonds. This allows for the hydrogel to be able to absorb and retain more urine.
Variables
Uncontrolled
Dependent
The variable that will be observed is the effectiveness of the certain amount of the chosen component used in hydrogel
Controlled
Measurement of components
type and concentrated of hydrogel
Independent
Temperature
The absorption of hydrogel can be significantly impacted by temperature. First off, a higher temperature causes kinetic energy to increase. This, in turn, increases kinetic energy, which in turn gives the fake pee a stronger penetrating power and facilitates its entry into the hydrogel.
Ph
The diffusion process by which the pee enters the hydrogel can be influenced by the Ph of the synthetic urine. First of, acidic urine would result in a positive charge. This positively charged ion forms an ion dipole secondary bond with partial charges in the polyacrylamide's amide function group, drawing water into the hydrogel as well.
Risk assesment
Precautions
Must wear safety equipment (Goggles, apron)
Have a controlled environment during the experiment to prevent external factors such as temperature.
List of risks:
Chemical hazard, risks of chemical exposure if the experiment conducted is mishandled
Environemental risk includes the disposal of chemical waste if they're not properly managed
Disposal
Dispose the filtered water in the sink
Dispose the hydrogel in the bin
Limitations
List of limitations
Apparatus-related limitations. A shif in the data, all trends, and all values will be impacted by the same amount if a measuring scale was damaged and its values were lost
Possible random errors
duration of temperature can vary between the trials which may impact the water retention of hydrogels