Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Topic 15- Mary I and her ministers - Coggle Diagram

- - - - She never trusted Gardiner fully- he had failed to support her mother Catherine during the break from Rome- however she knew he was indispensable and after his death in 1555 it left a gap in royal govt that could not be filled
    - - as a result she relied on the judgment of two people she trusted implicitly: her husbands Philip II of Spain and Simon Renard (the ambassador of her cousin and father in law Charles V)
    - - a substantial minority of MPs (around 80) opposed the reversal of EVI religious reformation. Some opposed her policies e.g a bill in 1555 was defeated which would have allowed the seizure of property of protestant exiles was defeated
- - - - marriage to an Englishman raised issues of factionalism as it would raise a house significantly
      - Courtenay lacked courtly skills and was an unsuitable candidate, Mary never really considered him
    - - however English public opinion was hostile, and parliament had attempted to dissuade Mary- a marriage treaty was drawn up to calm fears
        
        Philip would have the title of king but exercise none of the power, no foreigners would be permitted to hold English offices, if M1 died before Philip he would have no claim on the English crown
        
        Marriage took place in 1554, but Philip was not impressed with M1 and spent as little time as possible in England
  - - - this meant that legally if M1 died childless she would be succeeded by Elizabeth who was known to be protestant
    - - although to deny her the right of succession would require parliamentary legislation to overturn Succession Act 1544 or disqualify Elizabeth for treason
    - - E1 was released from the tower 2 months later- she was in effect kept under house arrest in a series of country residences
      - attempts to change succession through parliament came to nothing
        
        M1 reluctantly accepted that Elizabeth would succeed her and reverse all her progress. E1 was formally named as heir by Mary on 6th Nov 1558 and died eleven days later
- - - - England was dragged into a war, effectively against the Papacy which she had wanted to get closer to
      - England declared war on France in 1557 after a strange landing of French troops in Scarborough led by Thomas Stafford (Grandson of the D of Buckingham who was executed in 1521)
        
        many members of nobility were enthusiastic about the prospect of war- it offered a way for those who lost favour because of their links to EVI's regime to regain some credit with the crown
      - Militarily, the campaign had a promising start, English troops assisted the Spanish at the siege of St Quentin, and a minor incursion by the Scots into england was dealt with
        
        it was soon a disaster, England suffered the humiliating loss of Calais in Jan 1558 which had been in English hands for centuries
        
        no attempt was made to recapture Calais, and there was also a failed attack on the port of Brest in the summer of 1558