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Jimena Serrano Period 2 Digestive and Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Jimena Serrano Period 2 Digestive and Urinary System
Major functions of the digestive system
ingestion and digestion of food
nutrient absorption
secretion of water and enzymes
excretion of waste products
absorption
mechanical digestion- physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion. this happens in the oral cavity.
chemical digestion the process occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. breaks down nutrients like carbohydrates-, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules.
Major functions of the urinary system
Removes waste from your blood in urine.
helps regulate your blood volume and controls the level of chemicals and electrolytes
storage and emptying of urine
average adults is 400-500mls
synthesizing calcitriol
regulate plasma concentrations of ions
Major organs of the digestive system
mouth-eating
esophagus- tubular, elongated organ of the digestive system which connects the pharynx to the stomach
stomach-a J-shaped organ that digests food
pancreas-digestion, your pancreas makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches.
liver- an organ that sits just under the rib cage on the right side of the abdomen
gallbladder-stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver
small intestine- A long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine
large intestine-The long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other
anus- the last part of the digestive tract
Major organs of the urinary systems
kidney-filter your blood, remove waste and balance your body's fluids
renal pelvis-collects the urine as it is produced
ureters-carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
bladder-active excretory organ for urine
urethra- tube allows urine to pass outside the body
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions
lipase: this group of enzymes hel digestive fats in the gut
Amylase- in the saliva, amylase change starches into sugars.
Maltase- occurs in the saliva, and breaks the sugar maltose into glucose.
trypsin- the enzymes break portion down into amino acids in the small intestine.
Lactase- lactase breaks lactose, the sugar in milk, into glucose and galactose
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Proteins- stomach and small intestine
nucleic acids- small intestine
carbohydrates- oral cavity and small intestine.
lipids- oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine
macromolecule- region in alimentary system digested.
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
mucosa- epithelium, muscular mucosae
submocosa- inner circular muscle layer
muscularis- smooth muscular layer of the wall of various or less contractile organs the bladder. the thin layer of smooth muscle that forms part of a mucous membrane
serosa- secretes serous fluid to allow movements between opposing surfaces.
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gallbladder
Gastroesophagela Reflux disease (GERD)- chronic disease occurs when esophageal sphincter relaxes.
Inflammatory bowel disease IBD- chronic complex intestinal condition causes inflammation in digestive tract.
Peptic Ulcers- sores in the lining of the stomach
Colon Diseases- Polypus growths rapidly dividing cells similar to cancer cells. IBS- irritation of the intestinal lining.
bladder cancer- when cells of the bladder grow abnormality they can become bladder cancer.
Urinary tract UTI- abnormal growth of bacteria any where along urinary tract.
Kidney stones- when the urine has high levels of mineral and salts hardstones.
Nephron anatomy and physiology
renal corpuscle- a small tuft of capillaries known as the glomerulus, and a surrounding cup-shaped structure known as the Bowman's capsule (glomerular capsule)
proximal tubule-responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65% of filtered load and most,
loop of Henle- long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney of reptiles, birds, and mammals
distal tubule-a short nephron segment, interposed between the macula densa and collecting duct
collecting duct systemthe final component of the kidney to influence the body's electrolyte and fluid balance.