Digestive & Urinary Systems - Yasmin Martinez Period 1

Major Functions

Digestive: Mechanical & Chemical breakdown of foods and absorption of nutrients through ALIMENTARY CANAL that passes from mouth to anus

Urinary: Filters salts and wastes from blood, maintain normal concentration of electrolytes and water, regulates ph and body fluid volume, control RBC production and BP

Major Organs: Urinary

Kidneys

Behind parietal peritoneum

Renal Medulla & Renal Cortex: 2 major regions, regulates volume, composition, and PH of body fluids, removes metabolic waste from blood forming urine, control RBC formation rate

Ureters

Moves urine from kidneys to the bladder

Due to positioning the wall of the bladder acts as a one way valve that prevents backflow

Urinary Bladder

stores urine

Urethra

expels urine outside the body

Major Organs: Digestive

Alimentary Canal

muscular tube passing through thoracic and abdominopelvic, mouth, anus

Mucosa: Inner wall mucous membrane surrounding lumen of the tube, protecting tissues, folding regions increase surface area

Submucosa: houses blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and glands; nourishing surrounding layers, transports absorbed nutrients away from digestive organs

Muscularis: propels food through canal

Serosa: protects underlying tissues, secretes serous fluid reducing organ friction

Mouth

Receives food and begins mechanical digestion

Salivary Glands

Saliva moistens and dissolves food particles

aids and tasting and cleansing the mouth

Mucous Cells: Produce lubricating and binding mucus

Amylase: Breaks down STARCH into disaccharides

Stomach

Receives food from esophagus , mixes food with digestive juices, propels food to small intestine

Cardiac Region: small region near esophagus opening

Fundus Region: small region superior to cardiac

Body Region: main portion between fundus and pylorus

Pylorus: distal portion near small intestine

Pancreas

Exocrine Function: produce pancreatic juice aiding in digestion

Pancreatic Amylase --> Starch --> Disaccharides

Pancreatic Lipase -->Triglycerides --> Glycerol & Fatty Acids

LIver

maintain proper blood concentration of glucose, stores glycogen, iron and vitamins A,D,B 12, synthesizes lipoproteins, phospholipids and cholesterol; filters blood by removing damaged RBC, foreign substances, secretes bile

Gallbladder

stores bile between meals and reabsorbs water to concentrate the bile, wall contracts to release bile into duodenum

major digestive enzymes

Enzyme --> Source --> Action

Salivary Amylase -->Salivary Glands--> Breakdown Starch

Pepsin-->Gastric Chief Cells-->Protein digestion

Pancreatic Amylase--> Pancreas -->Breakdown Starch

Pancreatic Lipase--> Pancreas--> Fats--> Fatty Acids & Glycerol

Proteolytic Enzyme(Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase)--> Pancreas -->Proteins --> Peptides

Nucleases--> Pancreas --> Nucleic Acids --> Nucleotides

Peptides--> IMC --> Peptides-->Amino Acids

Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase-->IMC-->Disaccharides-->Monosaccharides

Intestinal Lipase-->IMC--> Fats--> Fatty Acids & Glycerol

Entrokinsae-->IMC-->Trypsinogen --> Trypsin

Nephrons

functional unit of urinary system

Renal Tube: Glomerularcapsule

Collecting Duct: Several distal tubules passing from renal cortex into renal medulla

Urinary Diseases

Digestive Diseases

Cholecystitis: Inflammation of Gallbladder; primarily caused by blockage of gall duct, digestive tumors, block of bile duct: tender abdomen, sweating nausea, vomiting; meds,fasting, antibiotics

GERD: Chronic disease when esophageal sphincter release, allowing the contents of the stomach move here; frequent acid reflex, weak esophageal, obesity; chest pain, heartburn, dysphagia;over counter meds, prescription meds, surgery

IBD: Chronic complex intestinal condition causing inflammation of digestive tract; unknown, abdominal pain, cramping,diarrhea; meds, antibiotics, fluid replacement

PEPTIC ULCERS: sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or duodenum; imbalance of gastric juices, bacterial infection, NSAID overuse

POLYGROWTHS: age, heredity, history of polypus;asymptomatic, bloody stool, constipation; non surgical removal, diet changes

COLORECTAL CANCER: uncontrolled cell growth in. colon, heredity, diet, chemical exposure; bloody stool, bloating, fatigue, surgery, radiation, chemo

Bladder Cancer: Bladder cells uncontrolled growth of bacteria along urinary tract; smoking, workplace chemical exposure, radiation to pelvis; hematuria, frequent/urgent urination pains, lower abdomen pain; tell doctor, regular check ups

Urinary Tract Infection: Abnormal growth of bacterial along urinary tract; sezual activity, pregnant women, menopausal women, burning urination, pain in lower pelvis, clouds urine

Kidney Stones: calcium stones, uric acid stones, infection stones, cystine stones, high levels of minerals and salts; calcium build, acid build up, infection