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LU2 PRINCIPLE USE OF CZ - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Earning foreign currency
      - Supplement to local diets
    - - Fast profit earner
    - - Reduce resource values and to pollute shallow coastal waters
      - Polluter or petitioner for a clean environment
      - Success requires a clean water supply from the environment
      - Intensive practices pollute coastal water and reduced biodiversity
      - Preempt mangrove and other critical habitat
        
        Reduce the reproduction of marine species
  - - - Contribute to eutrophication (excess nitrates)
      - Toxification (pesticides, herbicides)
    - - Exacerbated by clearing and draining of coastal areas and uplands
        
        Destroy property, risk lives, drown crops
        
        Carry huge amounts of sediments, fertilizing substances
        
        Organic and chemical pollutants into coastal waters
- - - - Preemption of fringing mangrove wetlands for development sites
      - Dredging of channels with destructive disposal of dredge spoils
      - Filling operations and obliteration of seagrass meadows
      - Spill and persistent pollution
  - - - Biodiversity reduction, resource depletion, and human health problems
      - Decline in local water quality, mostly from sewage
      - High incidence of waterborne diseases in many regions
      - Some beaches have high levels of coliform counts
  - - - expensive and often temporary
      - Complex and unanticipated secondary effects
      - Major downstream erosion and quite often total loss of beach
  - - - Oxygen-depleting organic wastes
      - Toxic industrial wastes
      - Solution:
        
        Discharge wastewater sufficiently far at sea to avoid lagoons, estuaries, and near shore waters of the open coast
  - - - Transport valuable nutrients to coastal ecosystems
      - Transport valuable nutrients to coastal ecosystems
    - - Reduce their productivity and biodiversity
      - Seriously unbalance such river
  - - - Generate biological oxygen demand (BOD) and depress oxygen levels