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Marisa Alberto Period: 3 Digestive and Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Marisa Alberto Period: 3 Digestive and Urinary System
Major functions of the digestive system
chemical digestion: breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals
mechanical digestion: breaks down large pieces of food into
smaller ones
digestion: mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and
absorption of nutrients
Major organs of the digestive system
teeth: receives food, and begins mechanical digestion by
mastication
salivary glands: moistens and dissolves food particles
tongue: the taste buds occur along the sides of the papillae
esophagus: muscular tube leading from pharynx to stomach
mouth: receives food, and begins mechanical digestion by
mastication
stomach: propels food to the small intestine and begins digestion of proteins
pancreas: produce pancreatic juice that aids digestion
liver: is responsible for many metabolic activities
gallbladder: stores bile between meals and reabsorbs water to concentrate the bile
Major organs of urinary system
ureters: transport urine from kidneys to bladder
urinary bladder: stores the urine
kidneys: filters the blood
uretha: covey urine to the outside of the body
Major functions of the urinary system
regulates pH and body fluid volume
helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure
flters salts and wastes from the blood
helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water
location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
water, certain salts, alcohol, and some lipid soluble drugs
large intestine
small intestine
layers of the GI tract
submucosa: nourishes the surrounding layers of the canal
muscularis: propels food through the canal
mucosa: protects tissues of the canal
serosa: protects underlying tissues
Digestive enzymes
salivary amylase: breaking down starch to disaccharides
pepsin: begins the protein digestion
pancreatic amylase: break downs the starch into disaccharides
nucleases: break down nucleic acids into nucleotides
proteolytic enyzmes: breaks down protein or partially digested proteins into peptides
peptidase: breaks down peptides into amino acids
pancreatic lipase: breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol
sucrase, maltase, and lactase: breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides
intestinal lipase: break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
enterokinase: coverts trypsinogen into trypsin
nephron anatomy and physiology
renal tubule
glomerular capsule: recipient glomerular filtrate
proximal convoluted tubule: reabsorption of glucose;
nephron loop: reabsorption of water and sodium, potassium, and chloride ions
distal convoluted tubule: secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions both actively and passively and reabsorption of sodium ions and water
collecting duct: reabsorption of water by osmosis
renal corpuscle: filtration structure in renal cortex
disorders of the digestive and u system
bladder cancer- cancer when your body cells grow out of control
urinary tract infection: abnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract
peptic ulcers: stores that develop into the lining of the stomach of duodenum
inflammatory bowel disease: a chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract. Includes crohn diseases and ulcerative colitis
cholecystitis: an inflammation of the gallbladder