Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

What are the global patterns of disease and can factors be identified that…

- - - - Direct contact with main reservoirs passed on through close contact with infected person, infected animal and object
      - 12,500 new cases annually
    - - Tick bite with reservoirs in ticks, rodents, deer, sheep and small mammals
      - Given to humans through the bite of a infected lxodes ricinus tick
      - Common in Scottish Highlands ( In Bra-ken grass)
      - 2,000-3,00 new cases in England
  - - - Determines the rates of vector development and behaviour as well as viral replication
      - Transmission of the flu virus is most efficient at lower temps
      - Water and wetter conditions favoured the growth and spread of mosquitoes carrying sub-tropical diseases -- > WNV
    - - Altitude causes abrupt changes in climate and disease habitats
      - In Ethiopia malaria is concentrated in humid lowlands but is largely absent in cooler highlands
    - - Creates aquatic habitats such as ponds or stagnant pools which allow disease vectors and insects to flourish
      - Water borne diseases - Cholera
      - Flooding can cause the spread of disease
    - - High water stress causes people to drink dirty disease filled water
      - Low water stress : Can afford to move and drink safe water
  - - - Climate change
        
        Increased risk of human exposure to WNV
        
        Warmer temperatures accelerate mosquito development, biting rates and the incubation of the disease within a mosquito
        
        Timing of bird migration = long range virus movement
      - Efforts to limit spread
        
        Reduce exposure
        
        Pesticides and wearing mosquito nets
        
        Reduce risk through organ transplant
        
        Gloves or protective clothing when treating sick animals or when slaughtering
        
        Reducing mosquito transmission
        
        No vaccine available for humans
        
        Vaccines have been developed for horses
        
        Intervention fluids
        
        Hospitalisation
      - Effects
        
        People over age of 50 or with certain medical conditions are more at risk
        
        Headaches, paralysis, vision loss, convulsions
        
        1/150 severe illness affecting the CNS
        
        1/5 develop a fever, body ache, joint pain
        
        8/10 asymptomatic
      - Spread through contact with other infected animals, their blood, organ transplant and breast milk (No human - human direct yet )
      - From bites of infected mosquitoes who get it from infected birds : virus goes into the salivary glands
      - Zoonotic disease - Infectious contagious