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The Transformative Impact of Intellectual and Industrial Revolutions on…

- - - - Emphasized reason, individualism, and challenging traditional authority and ideas
      - Promoted intellectual and scientific progress, religious tolerance, and human rights
      - Major figures: Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant
      - Encouraged the pursuit of knowledge and the application of reason to societal issues
      - The Enlightenment, spanning the 17th to 18th centuries, promoted reason, individualism, and challenging traditional authority. It encouraged the pursuit of knowledge, scientific progress, religious tolerance, and human rights. Influential figures like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Kant spearheaded this movement, which inspired political and social revolutions, including the American and French Revolutions. The Enlightenment's legacy includes shaping modern democracy, advocating for individual rights, and fostering a more secular worldview.
      - The Industrial Revolution (18th-19th centuries)
        
        Transition from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by machine manufacturing
        
        Technological innovations: steam power, mechanized factories, and improved transportation
        
        Increased production capacity and efficiency, leading to economic growth
        
        Urbanization and the rise of the working class
        
        Social and environmental impacts, such as pollution and poor working conditions
        
        The Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries sparked a profound transformation across society, technology, and the environment. It propelled the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, driven by innovations like steam power and mechanized factories. This led to unprecedented economic growth but also brought social challenges such as poor working conditions and environmental degradation. Urbanization surged, creating a new working class, while global impacts reshaped trade and power dynamics.