CARBOHYDRATES
-It is made up of organic molecule CH2O
They are the main source of energy for living organisms.
Animals : store carbohydrates as Glycogen
: used for muscular movements and body
heat to keep animals warm
Plants : store carbohydrates as Starch
: used by plants to form cell walls,
which provide structural form :
Humans : energy for the brain, heart, red blood cells and muscles
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
- Carbohydrates can be classified as simple (monosaccharides, disaccharides) or complex (polysaccharides).
- Monosaccharides: Simplest form of carbohydrates (e.g., glucose, fructose).text**
- Disaccharides: Formed by the combination of two monosaccharide units (e.g., sucrose, lactose).
Polysaccharides: Complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharide units (e.g., starch, cellulose).
"DI " means Two
**Very soluble in water because they have polar hydroxyl (-OH) group
Simplest and basic subunit of carbohydrates
STARCH
CELLULOSE
also called double sugar
*THREE MAJOR PART **
LACTOSE
GLUCOSE +FRUCTOSE
SUCROSE
GLUCOSE+FRUCTOSE
GLYCOGEN
an extensively branched glucose polymer that animals use as an energy reserve : known as animal starch
THe most abundant polysaccharide in the world
MALTOSE
Health Benefits of Carbohydrates
GLUCOSE+GLUCOSE
Helps to sleep better
Help to keep Memory Sharp
TWO TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
Simple Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates
Starch
Glycogen
Prevents Blood Clot
to help plants store energy.
Improves the Digestive System
Glucose
Sugars
Helps to prevent Diseases.
Energy for the Body
Potatoes, bread, rice, pasta, and cereals
Wood, paper, and cotton
Stored in muscle and liver
Most common are glucose, fructose or fruit sugar and galactose (sugar in milk)
Useful to control weight
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BIOMOLECULES
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Protein
Structure: C-H-O-N
Composed of monomer Amino Acid
Working Biomolecules to TRANSPORT and give STRUCTURE to the body.
They play crucial roles in the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.
Two Type of Proteins
Transport Protein
Structural Protein
Hair/Keratin
Enzymes
Ribosomes
Hemoglobin
Proteins can be classified based on their structure and function (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, structural proteins).
Protein Function
Amino Acid
Protein Structure
Building blocks of proteins with unique side chains (e.g., alanine, lysine).t
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures determine a protein's function
Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions, antibodies defend against pathogens, structural proteins provide support (e.g., collagen