opioid
MORPHINE
Analgesia
Euphoria.
Respiratory depression
Depression of cough reflex (antitussive)
Miosis (pinpoint pupil)
cause constipation.
Histamine release
Treatment of acute pulmonary edema
vasodilator
Morphine-6-glucuronide
Morphine-3-glucuronide
very potent analgesic.
neuroexcitatory effects
depressant actions of morphine are enhanced
Phenothiazines.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressant
MEPERIDINE (Pethidine)
dilate the pupils (anticholinergic)
analgesia for short time
s.e
anticholinergic action
Anxiety, tremors, muscle twitches, and, convulsions
(hyperthermia and convulsions
Methadone
longer duration of action
same morephine effect
less withdrawal syndrom so used in treatment of addiction to other drugs like heroin
Analgesic in nociceptive pain
Analgesic in neurogenic pain
Fentanyl
100-folds the analgesic potency of morphine.
epidural analgesia
causes pupillary constriction
Codeine
weak analgesic
mild to moderate pain.
good antitussive activity
MIXED AGONIST-ANTAGONISTS AND PARTIAL AGONISTS
stimulate one receptor but block another .
Buprenorphine
shorter and less severe withdrawal symptoms compared to methadon
opiate detoxification
other
Tramadol
manage moderate pain.
respiratory-depressant activity is less than that of morphine
Naloxone
Opioid antagonist
reverse the coma and respiratory depression of opioid overdose
Naltrexone
treating chronic alcoholism by an unknown mechanism