Chapter 4: Exploring diversity of matter using separation techniques
how to separate a mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic substance
we can use a magnet 😮
separating a mixture of substance with different particle size
can be separated through a sieve
allows smaller particles to go through the filter paper, leaving bigger particles behind
examples are our nostrils and mucus to trap large solid particles
how to obtain the solute from a solution
can be used evaporation(to dryness)
example, salt solution can all pass through filter paper, filtration cannot be used, use evaporation(to dryness) instead
heat is applied to salt solution
water evaporates quicker and thus the salt is left behind as residue
obtaining liquid from a mixture of substances with different boiling point
we can use distillation
how?
salt solution in distillation flask is heated until it boils
diagram of it
water changes to steam and pass through condenser, it has cold water running through it
steam cools to form pure water
water cycle is a natural process like distillation
separating a mixture of substances that dissolve to different extents in a solvent
drop of ink placed at near bottom of filter paper and dip it in the water(solvent), it travels up together with substances in ink
the one that travels furthest is most soluble and the one that did not travel is insoluble to water
this process is known as paper chromatography
NEWater
wastewater from homes and industries go to water plant and sent to NEWater plants for purification
goes through microfiltration, microscopic particles are removed
reverse osmosis: undesirable contaminants like viruses are removed
ultraviolet disinfection is used to destroy remaining virus and bacteria
desalination
pre-treated seawater is applied at high pressure
only water particles can go through and u get PURE water!!!!