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Eye Witness Testimony - Coggle Diagram
Eye Witness Testimony
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Reflection: I've realized that similar to how eyewitnesses can be misled by misinformation, my procrastination is often exacerbated by misconceptions about the amount of work or time required for tasks. These misconceptions can distort my perception, leading me to delay starting.
Action: To counteract this, I will start documenting the actual time tasks take compared to my initial estimates to better inform my planning. This should help adjust my expectations and reduce procrastination by alleviating unfounded anxieties about workload.
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Definition: Eyewitness testimony refers to an account given by people of an event they have witnessed. It is used as evidence in courts, which can have a powerful impact on the outcome of a trial.
Reliability Issues: Eyewitnesses can be wrong due to various factors such as stress, poor visibility, or biases, leading to false convictions.
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Explanation: This occurs when an individual's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information. It demonstrates how suggestions can distort the memory of an event.
Example: A witness might misidentify a suspect in a lineup after receiving suggestive information from law enforcement.
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Kinds of Memory Biases: Explores various ways in which people's memories can be biased, such as confirmation bias (favoring information that confirms previously existing beliefs) and hindsight bias (seeing past events as being more predictable than they actually were).
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Concept: False memories are a phenomenon where a person recalls something that did not happen. False memory is often considered in legal contexts, where mistaken eyewitnesses can lead to wrongful convictions.
Generation of False Memories: Can occur through suggestion, the power of suggestion in misleading questions, or through the influence of misinformation from other sources.
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Lineups and Photo Spreads: Discusses the procedure and potential pitfalls in identifying suspects in criminal cases, including the use of lineups (live or photographic) where the presence of 'fillers' helps to test the witness's memory.
Factors Influencing Accuracy: Numerous factors can increase the chance of error, including the stress of witnessing a crime, the suggestiveness of questions asked by law enforcement, and the time elapsed since the event.
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Techniques: Includes methods like cognitive interviews, which are designed to help witnesses recall more accurate memories by mentally reinstating the context of the crime.
Legal Implications: The reliability of memory can be crucial in determining the outcome of trials, particularly where other physical evidence is lacking.
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Reflection: Understanding memory biases, particularly how stress and anxiety can distort memory, I see parallels in how I remember past failures or difficulties associated with similar tasks, which fuels my procrastination.
Action: I will make a conscious effort to reflect on past successes as well, particularly instances where I overcame procrastination. This balanced memory recall should help mitigate the bias that only recalls negative outcomes.
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Reflection: The concept of false memories makes me think about how I might misremember or exaggerate the unpleasantness of tasks I dislike, which can lead to avoidance and procrastination.
Action: To address this, I will keep a detailed journal of my task experiences, focusing on positive aspects and successful outcomes, which I can refer back to when facing similar tasks in the future to ensure a more accurate memory and a less biased approach.
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Reflection: Learning about the unreliability of eyewitness testimony reminds me of the importance of double-checking and validating my own assumptions and recollections, especially regarding my productivity and work habits.
Action: I will implement regular reviews of my work and study logs to verify my activity levels and productivity. This should help identify when I might be 'misremembering' my own effectiveness or times spent on tasks, allowing for more accurate self-assessment and planning.