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UNIT 05. WORLD WAR I AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, image, image, image,…
UNIT 05. WORLD WAR I AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
World War I: Causes and Alliances
1.1 Causes of the Conflict
In 1914, after a period of great economic prosperity due to the Second Industrial Revolution
World War I then called the great war broke out in Europe
There were several root causes behind this outbreak of war
Nationalist rivalries
two of the biggest industrial powers
France
Germany
remained hostile
There were great nationalist tensions in the Balkans
different people fought to gain
independence
expand their states
Imperialist ambitions
In the partition of colonies
Germany had been left at a disadvantage relative to
France
Great Britain
at the start of the 20th century the second German empire was Europes main economic power
An aggresive diplomacy
each power tried to protect its interests by seeking alliances with other nations
No forum for debate or international organisation was created to discuss conflicts between states
This was the Arms peace
1.2 The Alliances
The Triple Alliance
it was formed by Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary
Italy later abandoned this bloc while the Ottoman empire and Bulgaria joined
The Triple Entente
It was formed by
Russia
and Great Britain
France
and their respective colonial empire
Italy abandoned the Triple Alliance because of its rivalry with Austro-Hungary
and once the war had started ended up joining the triple entente
Other countries participated in the triple entente, but very unequally
The Course of the War
2.1 Casus Belli and Chain Reaction
A casus belli is a specific reason why a conflict begins
In the case of WWI
this specific event was the assasination of crown prince of the Austro-Hungary empire
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot in Sarajevo by a serbian separalist
Austro Hungary threatened to annex Serbia while Russia stood up to its defence
Germany attacked France
Great Britain decided to come to its defence
2.2 First Phase(1914)
aslso called as the war of movement
Germany launched a rapid attack against France throught Belgium with the intention of dominating it quickly
A combined action by Germans and Astro-Hungarians
repelled early Russian advances on the Eastern Front
2.3 Second Phase(1915-1916)
The Triple Entente troops held back the Germans on the western front
along the Marne river near Paris
A new phase had began trench warfare or war of position
and both armies were unable to advance
as a result the war came to standatill with terrible human losses on both
Franco-British
and German sides
2.4 Third Phase
The last phase of the war began in 1917
a year that would be critical
the triumph of the Revolition in Russia meant that the country was out of the game
It ended up signing a peace treaty in terms that led to its surrenderin 1918
the powers of the triple entente ended up overcaming this setback thanks to the intervention of the USA
This was the decesive factor that shifted in its favour
The End of the War
the deep and tragic consequences of WWI demostrated modern warfare's massive potential for destructio
Human losses were enormous
In addition to the ten million soldiers killed
there were seven million civilians death
and an even highrer number of people
wounded
missing
maimed
The countries affected the most were
Austro-Hungary
French
Germany
British
Russia
There were many economic losses alothough their impact varied
The countries that suffered the most were
Serbia
Russia
Belgium
France
Germany had to pay high price in war compensation
Great Britain became the most indebted country
while USA became the largest creditor of European debt
The Political consequences were very important
These were the empires that dissapeared
Austro-Hungarian empire
Russian empire
German empire
Ottoman empire
Against an exahusted europe, the United states became a great world power
3.2 Peace Treaties
known collectively as the Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Versalles was signed with Germany
TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSALLES
the creation of a demilitarised zone in Germany bodering France
exclusion from the league of nations
financial compensatio to the winners
the prohibition of any attempt at union between Germany and Austria
