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Prenatal Development - Coggle Diagram
Prenatal Development
Prader-Willi Syndrome
, Chromosomal deletion
a narrow forehead, almond-shaped eyes, short stature, and small hands and feet; hypotonia (poor muscle tone); global developmental delays; hyperphagia (chronic overeating) and obesity; hypogonadism; intellectual disabilities; and skin-picking and other self-injurious behaviors.
Angelman Syndrome
, Chromosomal deletion
microcephaly (small head and brain), a wide jaw and pointed chin, severe developmental delays, communication and intellectual disabilities, hyperactivity, a tendency to be unnaturally happy, ataxia, seizures, and hand-flapping.
Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome
, Chromosomal deletion
high-pitched (cat-like) cry, intellectual disability, developmental delays, microcephaly, low birth weight, weak muscle tone, and characteristic facial features (e.g., widely set eyes, low-set ears, round face).
Klinefelter Syndrome,
Male (2 or more X chromosomes, single Y)
, gynecomastia (breast enlargement), and a low testosterone level. They also have disproportionately long arms and legs and are taller than normal and may have delays in language development, learning disabilities, and impaired problem-solving and social skills.
Turner Syndrome
, Female (all X chromosome is missing)
short stature, stubby fingers, drooping eyelids, a receding or small lower jaw, and a web-like neck. They may also have learning disabilities, vision and hearing problems, skeletal abnormalities, heart defects, and kidney and urinary tract abnormalities.
Rett Syndrome,
Female (mutations in the MECP2 gene)
Infants appear normal first 6-18 months,
slowed head and brain growth, loss of speech and motor skills, abnormal hand movements, sleep disturbances, breathing abnormalities, and seizures. Children with Rett syndrome may also have autistic-like symptoms (e.g., deficits in social interactions) during the early stages of the disorder.
Down Syndrome
hypotonia (decreased muscle tone); a short stocky build; a wide face, thick tongue, and almond-shaped eyes; developmental delays; and an elevated risk for vision and hearing problems, heart defects, hypothyroidism, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Teratogen
, Teratogens are drugs, diseases, and environmental hazards that cause developmental defects in the embryo or fetus.
It is from the third to the eighth week after conception.
Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol
, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
small eye openings, thin upper lip, and other facial anomalies; retarded physical growth; central nervous system dysfunction (e.g., intellectual deficits, slowed processing speed, hyperactivity); problems with the heart, kidneys, liver, and other organs; and hearing and vision impairments.
Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine,
cause spontaneous abortion during the first trimester, premature birth, and low birth weight.
infants tend to be irritable and overly reactive to environmental stimuli, often have a shrill piercing cry, and are difficult to calm and feed. In school, these children may have motor, attention, memory, and behavior problems; in adolescence, they may have difficulty with problem-solving and abstract reasoning tasks and are at increased risk for delinquency.
Low Birthweight, Preterm, and Small-for-Date Infants,
Preterm infants born before the 37th week.
respiratory distress, a comprised immune system, a cardiovascular disorder, cognitive impairment, and visual and hearing problems.
Highest preterm birth rate was for non-Hispanic Black mothers, while the lowest rate was for non-Hispanic Asian mother
s.
Low Birthweight
, less than 5-1/2 pounds at birth.
Small for date
, Below th 10th percentile of the expected weight.
Die during the 12 months after birth
Baby can survive outside the
Womb: Between 22 & 26 weeks after conception