Isaac Medina Per.2 Digestive and Urinary System
Major functions of the Digestive System
Major functions of the Urinary System
Major organs of the Digestive System
Major organs of the Urinary System
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Ingestion
Removes waste from your blood in the form of urine
Release hormones, Regulating blood volume and pressure by adjusting the volume of water lost and releasing erythropoitin and renin
Breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals, by breaking chemical bonds.
Physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion.
The active process of materials entering our digestive tract through the mouth.
Secretion
Release of water, acids, and enzymes, buffers, and salts by the epithelium of the digestive tract
Absorption
Movement of organic substrates, electrolytes, and vitamins into fluid of the digestive tract.
Excretion
Elimination of waste products from the body.
Defection
Ejection of food waste from the large intestine out through the anus. Feces is the final product or waste of ingestion.
Kidneys
Esophagus
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Urine is produced by kidneys, and is a waste product containing water, ions, and soluble components
Tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the Urinary bladder
Controls the levels of chemicals and salts(electrolytes) in your body cells and blood
Balances the body's fluid
Releases hormone to control red blood cells production
Stomach
Mouth
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Liver
Small intestine
Anus
Renal Vein
Inferior Vena Cava
Aorta
Renal Artery
Largest blood vessel in the body is responsible for transporting oxygen rich blood from your heart to the rest of your body.
Rectum
Pharynx
Large blood vessel transporting deoxygenated blood from your lower extremities and abdomen back to the right atrium of the heart.
blood vessels that return blood to the heart from the kidney
In lower abdomen the bladders walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra.
tube that lets urine leave your bladder and your body. The external sphincter muscles relax to let urine exit the bladder through the urethra.
carry a large volume of blood from the heart to the kidneys.
The throat that receives food and water from the oral cavity.
Lower part of the large intestine that connects to the sigmoid colon. Receives waste From the colon and stores it until it passes out of the body through the anus.
At end of large intestine to let your poop come out.
Break down food, absorb nutrients needed for the body, and get rid of the unnecessary components
Processes blood and breaks down, balances, and creates the nutrients and also metabolizes drugs into forms that are easier to use for the rest of the body or that are nontoxic.
Just below the liver on the right side of the body to help store and secrete bile, which helps your body digest fats.
Eating and Speaking
Transport food, liquids, and saliva entering the mouth through the throat and into the stomach
Break down food after feeding and releases nutrients, store food, "sanitize" food with HCL, gastric juices are released to continue chemical digestion , breaking down protein.
The pancreas does two main things: It releases powerful digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid the digestion of food. It releases the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Glomerular Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending limb
Nephron Loop
Ascending limb
Distal Convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Digestive Disease
Urinary Disease
Bladder Cancer
Urinary Tract Infection
Kidney Stones
Body cells grow out of control and form a cancer lump or tumor. Caused by smoking, or poor diet and the symptoms can be back pain, pain when urinating, and surgery or chemotherapy can help.
The last part that collects urine from the nephrons and moves it into the renal pelvis and ureters.
Thicker limb that, Drains urine into the distal Convoluted tubule. Reabsorb sodium chloride which dilutes the urine.
Responsible for the reabsorption of water and is permeable to water.
Filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes waste.
Responsible for reabsorption and secretion. Ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water from renal filtrate back into blood in the peritubular capillaries.
Recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine.
Short segment interposed between macula densa and collecting duct and its jobs is regulating extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis.
Urine contains many dissolved minerals and salts. Not enough water, obesity, and food with much salt or sugar. Symptoms are a sharp cramp of pain in the back or side, or burning when urinating.Treatment can be ureteroscopy, or open laparoscopic.
Very common in women but rarely dangerous and caused by pregnant women or diabetes. Symptoms are burning urine, fever/chills, or pain/pressure in low pelvic area. Treatment can be surgery or medication.
Cholecystitis
An inflammation of the gallbladder, tumors, blockage of the gall duct by gallstones. Symptoms are sweating, nausea, and tender abdomen, but medication or antibiotics can help.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease(GERD)
A chronic disease occurs when esophageal sphincter relaxes allows stomach move back to esophagus. Frequent acid reflux, obesity, pregnancy are risk factors but chest pain, dry cough, or diabetes can be symptoms. Surgery or prescribed medication.
Inflammation Bowel Disease(IBD)
A chronic complex inflammation in the digestive tract, Crohns' disease, and ulcerative. Cause is unknown, causes abdominal pain, cramping or fever, but medication or antibiotics can help.
Peptic Ulcers
Sores in the lining of the stomach by drinking too much alcohol, smoking or chewing tobacco, or stress, Pain in chest, vomiting, nausea, or abdominal discomfort or fatigue are symptoms, but medical procedure or medication can treat it.
Lactase
Amylase
Chymotrypsin
Pepsin
Lipase
Maltase
Protease
Sucrase
Used in small intestine to break down proteins into individual amino acids.
Serves to digest proteins found in ingested food
Digestion of food starches to absorbable free glucose.
In small intestine for sugar absorption. Helps the body break down sucrose, or table sugar, into glucose and fructose.
Break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in the intestines. Produced in pancreas, mouth, and stomach.
By pancreas into the proximal small intestine where they mix with proteins already denatured by gastric secretions and break them into amino acids, the building blocks of protein, which will eventually be absorbed and used throughout the body.
Helps to break down the starches in your food
Catalyzes the breakdown of lactose into the simple sugars glucose and galactose.
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Small Intestine
Stomach and small intestine
oral cavity and small intestine
Oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
Outer serous layer, Protects underlying tissue and secretes serous fluid to reduce friction between organs
2 layers of smooth muscle, Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer that propels food through the canal
Inner layer surrounds the lumen of the tube, Consists of epithelium, underlying connective tissue, a little smooth muscle. Protects tissues of the canal. Carries on secretion and absorption of dietary nutrients
Lies under Mucosa consist of loose CT, housing blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and glands. Nourishes the surrounding layers of the canal, and vessels transport absorbed nutrients away from the digestive organs.
In some regions, the mucosa is modified into folds or projections, which increase surface area