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Miyako as a multi-hazardous environment - Coggle Diagram
Miyako as a multi-hazardous environment
why people live there
Some of the elderly people decided to stay as they cannot challenge the difficult walk up and down the hills. Relocation would also move them further away from the train station and stores. Additionally, they do not want to leave the only homes they have ever known. The tsunarmis have become a normal part of life that they have learnt to live with, they have faith in the sea walls.
why community is vulnerable
The economy is heavily based on fishing and tourism which are vunerable to the natural disasters they face.
The population has a high number of elderly residents who are more vulnerable and result in a high dependency ratio.
Tohoku earthquake
On average Japan has 1500 earthquakes every year -magnitude 9 -moved the whole island 2.4meters closer to N.America -Reverse dip slip between the North American and Pacific plate -the tsunarmi hit half an hour later moving at 100km an hour -The tsunami entered the Miyako bay and quickly breached the floodwalls.
effects
only about 60 ships survived from the towns 960 ship fishing fleet.
420 confirmed dead
over 4000 buildings destroyed
the wooden houses designed for earthquakes as they are more shock resistant but they are move venerable to tsunamis, many were swept away and destroyed
the cities seawalls trapped water within populated areas delaying rescue efforts by hours
responses :
Tourist facilities around the beach were heavily damaged but after 3 years the seaside promanards have been replaced and fully reopened for tourists
helicopter crews picked survivors up from rooftops
soliders were mobilised to establish order, organise rescue work and destribute goods.
The Japanese government set up an advisory body to plan the long term growth of the region. Special zones of reconstruction were designed and planning regulations were relaxed to encourage rapid rebuilding.
the broken seawall has been restored and prodjects are underway to increase the hights of the rest.
the goverment declaired an emergancy and dispached the Japan Self Defence for rescue opperations.
construction of temporary housing in effected areas begun 8 days after the event
2 years later Japan revealed a new upgraded tsunami warning system as many underestimated their personal risk and assumed the tsunami would be small
why is Miyako hazards?
it is surrounded by 4 plate boundaries on a destructive plate boundary
the island is made up of steep volcanos meaning most people live on the coast, this makes them vulnerable to tsunamis and
Miyako is built on the banks of a large funnel shaped river which opens up in the tsunamis path. When the water in channelled in there the water level rises quickly and in this case burst over the 10meter sea wall.
there is a high population density as everyone has to live on the coast
social factors influencing response
It has an old population who are more vulnerable
many residents do not want to move away
residents have faith in the seawall
there is a strong community response
economic factors influencing response
They have the latest technology
they started rebuilding temporary homes within eight days
the tourism restarted within three years boosting their economy
they have invested in the sea wall
political factors influencing responce
Their disaster management plan has been meticulously made and practised
the ministry performed required actions in order to control and inhibit infectious diseases
there are rigorous building codes and quake resistant building regulations
other countries gave aid