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Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System
Major Functions (Digestive)
Mechanical & chemical breakdown of foods & absorption of nutrients. Mechanical digestion breaks down large pieces of food into smaller ones. Chemical digestion breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals
Major Organs (Urinary)
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Major Organs (Digestive)
Small Intestine: A long tubular organ which runs from the stomach to beginning of large intestine
Large Intestine: Begins in lower right portion of abdominal cavity of cecum, ascends on right, crosses left side & descends on left side
Alimentary Canal: Muscular tube that passes through thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities
Pharynx: Cavity lying posterior to mouth
Esophagus: Muscular tube leading from pharynx to stomach
Stomach: Receives food from esophagus & mixes it with digestive juices to digest proteins
Major Functions (Urinary)
Filters salt & wastes from blood
Helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes & water
Regulates pH & body fluid volume
Helps control red blood cells production & blood pressure
Digestive Enzymes
Chief Cells:Secrete pepsin to digest protein
Parietal Cells: Secrete hydrochloride acid
Mucous Cells: Produce mucus that protects stomach lining
Location Of Digestion & Absorption
Of Each Macro-molecule
Pancreatic Amylase: breaks down starch into disaccharides
Pancreatic lipase: Breaks down triglycerides to glycerol & fatty acids
Proteolytic enzymes, trypsin, chymotrypsin, & carboxpeptidase, each split certain bonds between amino acids, to break down proteins to dipeptides.
Layers of GI Tract
1st Layer - Mucosa
2nd Layer - Submucosa
3rd Layer - Muscularis Propia
4th Layer - Serosa
Nephron Anatomy & Physiology
The Nephron is a unit of the kidney that produces urine independently. The process is done through tubular re-absorption & tubular secretion.
Renal Corpuscle: filtration structure that performs first step of urine formation
Renal Tubule: consist of glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tube, nephron loop, distal convoluted tube, & collecting duct
Disorders Of Digestive & Urinary
Cholecystitis: Inflammation of gall bladder
GERD: Chronic disease that occurs when esophageal sphincter relaxes
IBD: Chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in digestive tract
Peptic Ulcers: Sores that develop in stomach lining
Diverticulitis: Pouches form on colon wall
Bladder Cancer: Abnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along urinary tract
UTI: Body cells grow out of control
Kidney Stones: Urine containing dissolved minerals & salts