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O10 2.0 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 5.8% return on £25 million expenditurte
      - over 120,000 km of inland waterways and canals created during the colonial era
      - Changing and increasing farming practices Farmers previously growing local resources such as millet shifted to opium and rice
        
        Triple Canal Project from Jhelum and Chenab into the Ravi doubled irrigated area
      - Dams as 'modern temples'- but also described as part of the 'disease of gigantism'
  - - - India
      - Africa
    - - 'terra nullis' compared to communal land systems
      - Reform of land policy and the move away from indigenism
        
        Ijumma socialism in Tanzania
- - - - Dual Mandate in Tropical Africa
        
        Advocated for the progeession of an African middle class
      - Direct line from Lugard to Boko Haram.
    - - 1 official per 40,000 per 7500km squared
      - 150 police officers for an area in Sudan double the size of Texas.
      - 'thin white line'
  - - - Bussa Rebellion 1913
      - Adubi war 1918 following increased taxation and agircultural demands
  - - - Sokoto Caliphate
        
        Islamic law allowed and autonomy
        
        Sokoto caliphate only indirect
      - Buganda
        
        Buganda Agreement 1900 imposed tax on huts and guns and enabled the chiefs
      - Nizam of Hyderabad
    - - control over the provinces in the north
      - Buffer zone from external forces.
    - - Warrant chief system in Nigeria
        
        Creeks and Ordinances legislation in 1913
        
        Imposition of chiefs unfit for rule
        
        Which chief had the right to rule
- - - - Brahmo Samaj and Rammohan Roy
        
        Wanted modernisation- abandonment of tradiitonal practices and a singular, Hindu beleif
      - Arya Samaj
        
        Used vedas as principle textf
        
        formed cow protection groups.
      - Dharma Sabha
        
        Counter reaction to the Bramo Samaj, and wanted continuity, but did endorse western education
        
        Did not want British involvmeent in the spriitual dimension to idian society
    - - Sati
      - Woman become the symbolisation of India
    - - Mohemeddan Muslims told to denote whether or not they were Muslim or Hindu in the 1911 census
      - Muslim league set up in 1906 and joined by Jinnah in 1913
  - - - Material
        
        Education
        
        Kaggwa
        
        Healthcare
        
        King of Mutesa
        
        Yoruba women
        
        Customs and rights
        
        Women and increasing their rights
        
        self-consciously modernising against cruel punishments.
      - Spiritual
        
        WW2
        
        Bakongo Movement and Kimbanguism
        
        Individualistic
        
        Incompatibility of ATRs
      - Flexibility
        
        KImbanguism banned the practice of twin murdering, trial by poison and other atrocities- but kept the cosmological beliefts it held.
    - - Ndebele Jonah and the Swallowing Fish
      - Polygamous practice of hebrew patriarchs Abraham and Isaac was drawn upon to legitimate polygamy.
      - South African praise poetry (imbongi) was incorporated into services - previously used to praise the king and now used for God.
      - Angels presented as spirit mediums in Zimbabwe
      - Pentecostalism
      - Spririts named Noah and Abraham to give themselves greateer legitimacy.
- - - - The continuation of the Indian Constitution
        
        Police officers still wear Khaki - dates back to 1847 british edict
        
        Penal code and law were largely tranposed from the british side. Section 377 criminalisation of homosexuality.
        
        left handed traffic adopted in 1800
        
        adversarial law
        
        Trasnfer of property act from 1882
      - Same personnel
      - 9/10 of works will be towards the day to day running of the state.
    - - Socialism
        
        90% of gross domestic product was from private investment
        
        State administration and industrial promotion
        
        Planned economy and divergence of polities meant market economy would not work
      - Science
        
        Science seen as neutral rather than colonial
        
        Introduction of technical schools
        
        informed planning- data scientists
      - Discipline
        
        closely tied with ideas of development
        
        military conscription enabled.
    - - Gandhi
        
        swaraj and self rule.
      - Jinnah and Partition