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THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN, EASTERN PERSPECTIVES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Portrays gods as detached beings unconcerned with human affairs.
    - - Identifies God with the rationalizing principle of the universe, emphasizing pantheism
  - - - Stoicism
        
        prioritizes virtue and eudaimonia through reason and self-control,
      - Epicureanism
        
        emphasizes the pursuit of happiness and peace of mind with prudence.
  - - - Stoicism
        
        emphasizes determinism and cosmic providence,
      - Epicureanism
        
        The universe as composed of atoms interacting in a random but orderly manner.
- - - - Perceived as the ultimate source of all existence, beyond human comprehension, who created order out of chaos and bestowed meaning and purpose upon the universe. The Church served as the intermediary between God and humanity, guiding people toward salvation.
    - - Humans were considered the pinnacle of God's creation, made in His image and possessing free will, reason, and moral agency. However, the concept of original sin tempered this elevated status, emphasizing the need for redemption
    - - Medieval cosmology positioned Earth at the center of the universe, with celestial bodies arranged in concentric spheres. The natural world was viewed as reflective of divine harmony and order, with everything holding symbolic meaning and conveying moral lessons.
  - - - Existentialism underscores the importance of individual choice and authenticity in navigating life's absurdities and uncertainties. Human existence precedes essence, meaning individuals shape their own identity and meaning through their actions and choices.
    - - Existentialism acknowledges the subjective nature of human experience and rejects the idea of intrinsic meaning in nature. individuals give meaning to the world through their interactions and choices, emphasizing authenticity and personal responsibility.
    - - Existentialism in the modern age challenges the notion of a universe imbued with inherent purpose or divine guidance ("death of God"). It emphasizes human freedom and responsibility to create meaning in a seemingly meaningless world.
- - - - Confucius advocated for a strict code of ethics, including the Five Constants and Four Virt
    - - The concept of Tian (heaven) is central to Confucianism, representing the basis and source of all life.
      - Confucius believed that humans are inherently good and possess an innate understanding of right and wrong.
    - - Confucianism is a philosophy and belief system founded by Confucius, not a religion, primarily followed by Chinese people.
- - - - Yin and yang essential to every aspect of existence, sustaining natural order regardless of moral judgments.
    - - Yin: Darkness, passivity;
        -Yang: Light, activity, balancing for natural order.
      - Nature perpetually changing, yin and yang represent complementary yet opposing energies.
    - - Wu wei: Effortless action, acting in accordance with natural order without coercion.
      - Humans part of natural system, emphasis on staying in sync with nature's cycles.
    - - Humans inherently virtuous, no inherently "bad people," goal: harmony with Dao, accepting life's circumstances.
    - - The Dao: Ultimate principle, natural order governing the universe, epitomizing eternal flux and interconnectedness.
    - - It's both philosophy and religion, emphasizing harmony between humans and the Dao (Tao), fundamental nature of things.
      - Taoism, or Daoism, promoted by Lao Tzu, gained influence during the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Xuanzong's reign.
- - - - Nirvana: Ultimate goal, highest form of happiness, liberation from suffering.
      - Cycle of rebirth: Includes six realms, human realm offers chance for enlightenment.
      - Karma: Weight determined by factors like intention and impact.
      - Rebirth and karma: Past actions determine current and future existence.
    - - Noble Eightfold Path: Steps to achieve cessation, including right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.
      - Cessation: Attainment of Nirvana, transcendent state free from suffering.
      - Suffering (dukkha): First truth, caused by desire and ignorance.
      - Central to Buddhism, addressing suffering, its causes, cessation, and path.
    - - Universe: Interconnected network, reflecting macro and micro levels of existence.
      - Dependent origination: All things exist in relation to each other.
      - Buddhism rejects permanent self, emphasizes interconnectedness.
- - - - True happiness: Realizing eternal soul (Atman) and connection to Brahman.
      - Life: Journey of self-discovery.
    - - Duty (dharma) and self-control vital for spiritual progress.
    - - Ultimate goal: Moksha, liberation from samsara through paths like devotion, knowledge, and selfless action.
      - Reincarnation: Governed by karma, good actions lead to higher rebirths.
    - - Atman part of Brahman, eternal reality.
      - Humans as eternal souls (Atman) in the cycle of reincarnation.
    - - Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda, Atharva Veda.
    - - Brahman: Ultimate reality, represented by Atman within individuals.
      - Hinduism: Polytheistic with gods representing various aspects of the cosmic cycle.