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B11 Revision Recource - Coggle Diagram
B11 Revision Recource
Sugar Levels
Glucose
Why is it important?
Glucose, and our sugar levels are extremely important as they rise once we have eaten, meaning insulin is produced. This insulin allows glucose to then move from the blood into cells where is can be used.
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Blood Sugar Levels
When we eat a meal, glucose passes into our blood, These levels need to be controlled (the amount of sugar levels), as some may range from very high after eating, to extremely low hours later. So low that cells do not have enough glucose to respire.
Diabetes
Diabetes Type 1 and 2
Type 1 Diabetes means you need to replace insulin before meals. Insulin is a protein that allows glucose to be taken into your body cells and convert into glycogen in the liver. Insulin needs to be provided daily for the rest of someone life.
Type 2diabetes is linked to personal health problems such as lack of exercise, old age, and obesity. It can be treated by doing exercise, losing weight, and eating a balanced diet. There are also drugs that help if these solutions do not work.
Difference
Type 1 is when you do not produce insulin, and your immune system attacks the cells in the pancreases that do. Type 2 is when your body makes insulin than it used to, and becomes resistant to it.
Hormones
Estrogen
What does it do?
Estrogen is secreted by the ovaries in a response from FSH. It stimulates the lining of the uterus to grow again after menstruation in preparation for possible pregnancy. If there are high amounts of estrogen, more FSH and will be produced along with LH.
Progesterone
What does it do?
Progesterone is secreted by the empty egg follicle in the ovaries after ovulation has occurred. This hormone helps maintain the pregnancy if the egg is fertilised. It helps maintain the lining of the uterus during the second half of the cycle.
LH
What does it do?
LH is from the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of a mature egg from the ovaries. Once the ovulation process has taken place, LH levels fall.
FSH
What does it do?
FSH is secreted by the pituitary gland. It matures the egg in their follicles in the ovaries. It also is a stimulant for other hormones to be secreted, e.g. estrogen.
Plant Hormones
What is auxin?
The response to light and other stimulates is controlled by a hormone called auxin. Auxin helps control the plant in situations where is may be affected by a tropism, e.g. gravity or light.
What other hormones are there? Gibberellins, ethene, etc...
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Plant responses: Plants respond to stimulation varying on the stimulate. e.g. the plant may position its leaves for better light contact (this would be called phototropism)
IVF
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What do IVFs do?
IVF (In Virto fertilisation) is a form of fertility treatment used if someone cannot get pregnant for a multitude of reasons. It provides a pathway for many of those who may struggle to get pregnant by either giving the mother hormones to stimulate pregnancy.
Advantages: The pregnancy can be scanned for possible genetic disease. It gives a chance to couples who cannot get pregnant a chance to have a child. Disadvantages: It is not always successful. It is very expensive. It is very emotionally and physically destructive, especially for the mother.