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PHARMACOLOGICAL TX OF SLEEP DISORDERS - Coggle Diagram
PHARMACOLOGICAL TX OF SLEEP DISORDERS
Insomnia
Benzodiazepine
Triazolam
- Short-acting; enhances GABA activity
Temazepam
- Enhances GABA activity; used at bedtime
Non-benzodiazepine (Z-drug)
Zolpidem
- Enhances GABA activity; used at bedtime
Zaleplon
- Short-acting; used at bedtime
Eszopiclone
- Enhances GABA activity; used at bedtime
Melatonin agonist
Ramelteon
- Used at bedtime to decrease sleep latency
Orexin receptor antagonist
Suvorexant
- May take 7-10 days to be effective
Lemborexant
- Used at bedtime
Daridorexant
- Used at bedtime
H-1 receptor antagonist
Diphenhydramine
- Anticholinergic side effects
Tricyclic antidepressant
Doxepin
- Low dose acts as an H-1 receptor antagonist
Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor
Trazodone
- Also used for depression; can cause sedation
Anticonvulsant
Gabapentin
- Used for its sedative properties
Antipsychotic
Quetiapine
- Low doses used for sedative effects; high risk/benefit ratio
Narcolepsy, Hypersomnolence, Shift work disorder
Psychostimulant
Modafinil
- DAT inhibitor; reduces excessive daytime sleepiness
Armodafinil
- Similar to Modafinil with slightly different pharmacokinetics
CNS depressant
Sodium Oxybate
- Used for cataplexy and daytime fatigue; high abuse potential
Parasomnias
α1 antagonist
Prazosin
- Used to reduce symptoms of PTSD-related nightmares
Anticonvulsant
Topiramate
- Used for control of nightmares
α2 agonist
Clonidine
- Used to control nightmares
Benzodiazepine
Clonazepam
- Used for its sedative and muscle relaxant properties
Restless Legs Syndrome
Dopamine agonist
Ropinirole
- First-line treatment for RLS
Pramipexole
- Another first-line treatment for RLS
Bromocriptine
- Alternative treatment option
Opioid agonist
Methadone
- Second-line treatment for severe cases
Muscle relaxant
Baclofen
- Used as an alternative treatment