Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Transport in living things - Coggle Diagram
Transport in living things
Needed for transporting substances in humans and plants
Humans and plants are multicellular organisms that are made up of millions of cells.
Many of their cells do not have direct contact with the surrounding environment,
so they may not be able to obtain useful substances or remove waste substances fast enough through simple diffusion
Hence, multicellular organisms require an efficient transport system to distribute useful substances such as oxygen and dissolved nutrients to millions of cells in the body quickly
It ensures a fast and efficient removal of waste substances from the cells to outside of the body
Unicellular organisms, bacteria and amoeba do not require transport systems because they are made up of only one cell
They can obtain useful materials and remove waste products quickly through simple diffusion because they are in direct contact with the surrounding environment.
The transport in humans is called the circulatory system
The heart
The heart has a funnel like shape
It is responsible to pump blood to all parts of the body
The valves in the heart are used to ensure blood only flows in one direction
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood to your heart
Pulmonary circulation
blood flowing between the heart and the lungs
Systematic circulation
blood flowing between the heart and the rest of the body
Blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart
Have valves which ensure blood flowing in one direction.
This allows blood to return to the heart from all parts of the body
Blood capillaries
Blood capillaries are thin and fragile
They are only one cell thick
They allow the exchange of substances
Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste substances between blood and cells
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
No exchane of substances in these blood vessels
Blood
It is an important component in the circulatory system
The components of blood and their functions
Red blood cell
Platelets
Blood plasma
White blood cell
They are part of the human immune system
They help fight diseases by destroying bacteria
Its the liquid part of blood
It contains 90% water
It transports important substances in blood such as
6 more items...
They prevent blood loss from damaged blood vessels by forming clots
They are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to various parts of the body.
They contain hemoglobin to help then transport oxygen more efficiently
Transport in plant
In a flowering plant, xylem and phloem involve in transporting substances
Xylem, phloem and cadmium are grouped together in vascular bundles in stem
The cambium produces new xylem and phloem tissues when the plant grows
Xylem tissues are made up of dead cells and have thick cellulose wall with lignin
Transports water and mineral salts from the roots to the stem and leaves
Provides strength and support to the plant
Phloem tissues consist of living cells
They involve in transporting food only
Absorption of water
The roots have many elongated structures called root hairs.
These root hairs increase the surface area so that water and mineral salts can be absorbed into the plant at a faster speed
Roots are one of the organs in plants that are responsible for absorbing water and dissolved mineral salts
Water enters the root hair cell by the process of osmosis
How water enters a plant from a soil to reach the leaves of the plant
Soil to root hair cell
When water concentration in soil is higher than inside the root hair cell, water molecules enter the root hair cell by osmosis
Root hair cell to root hair cell A
it increases its water concentration and becomes higher than root hair cell A
Hence, water moves from root hair cell to root cell A by osmosis
Root hair cell A to root cell B
it increases it water concentration inside the cell and becomes higher than its neighboring root cell B
Hence, water moves from root hair cell A to root cell B by osmosis
Root cell B to Xylem vessel
it increases its water concentration inside the cell and becomes higher than in the xylem vessel
Xylem vessel to leaves
In the leaves, transpiration takes place
Transpiration in the leaves creates a transpiration pull to move water upwards along the xylem vessel from the roots to the leaves
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the leaves
Transpiration is the evaporation of water water from the leaves
Absorption of mineral salts
However, during the depletion of dissolved mineral salts in soil,
the root hair cell will use active transport to move the dissolved mineral salts from a region of low concentration in soil to the region of high concentration inside the cell
Energy is required in this process
When soil has a high concentration of dissolved mineral salts than inside the root hair cell, the mineral salts will enter the root hair cell by diffusion.
No energy is required
Transport of food
The phloem tissue will transport the food made in the leaves to all parts of the plant
In the presence of sunlight, the leaves in a plant carry out photosynthesis to make food