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Crime and Deviance: - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Chambliss: law emphasises protection of property (benefits ruling class as they own the most propert)
        -Also states that non-decision making is equally as harmful as most crimes as it is actively ignoring serious problems
      - Snider- laws are designed to benefit ruling class (very limited laws hindering profits or pollution), and those laws protecting WC are more for show, those protecting RC are rigorously enforced
    - - Gilroy-Black criminality is a resistance against the system that goes all the way back to colonialism
      - Hall- scapegoating leads to selective law enforcement, as it creates moral panics
      - Gordon- capitalism is a 'dog eat dog' society
  - - - discourses set by people with power (knowledge or expertise) e.g. mental health is deviant so must be medicalised
- - - - war of the worlds- people heard a play on the radio about aliens invading earth, and believed it unquestionably because it was on the radio
  - - - McRobbie and Thornton- moral panics are outdated as it is harder for the media to make people believe the information the media are disseminating (much more information available to disprove)
  - - - Primary green crime= actions which harm the environment and by extension its people e.g. air pollution
      - Secondary green crime= crime which arises from not following or disregarding rules that regulate environmental issues e.g. hazardous waste removal, oil spills etc
    - - Situ and Emmans= green crime is an unauthorised act or omission which violates the law
    - - White- takes a semiological and ecocentric approach as he states that green crime is any action which harms the environment or any animals which live there, even if no law is broken
  - - - Political state crime
        
        Police force state crime
        
        Economic state crime
        
        Cultural state crime
- - - - Miers- looks to identify patterns in vctimisation, and the patterns suggest that crime is not random. Also aims to identify how victims contribute to their own victimisation
      - Tierney: Victim proneness identifies characteristics which make someone more likely to be a victim of crime. Victim precipitation identifies how actively involved the victims have been in the crime, or how they brought the crime upon themselves
      - Hans Von Henrig- developed a typology of crime based on the degree to which victims contributed to causing criminal act. 13 characteristics of victims including female, immigrant, depressed, fighting etc.
    - - miers-focuses on how and why some people are labelled as victims and some are not
      - Maybe and Walklate- structural powerlessness needs to be considered as victims are weighed agains the ideal victim e.g. black women less likely to be believed than a white mc man as a victim
      - tombs and white- hierarchy of victimisation
- - - - Parsons: women socialised into expressive role, less predisoped to crime
    - - Pollak- CJS male dominated industry and MC men raised to be chivalrous, and therefore more lenient to women- accounts for lower rates of female offending
      - Hood (1989)- women a 1/3 less likely to be sentenced to imprisonment for the same offence as a man
    - - Heidensohn- controlled at home, work and in public by patriarchy- therefore women do not have the opportunity to commit crime
      - McRobbie- Bedroom cultiure means females have less opportunity to commit crime as they spend more time in the house than boys
    - - Adler- more equality of opportunity means more equal opportunity to commit crime, less distinction between male and female roles and therefore more likely to commit same offences as men
      - Denscombe- rise in cadette culture: more girls socialising outside the home, equivalent to boys
    - - messerschmidt- hegemonic masculinity leads to more crime as there is an emphasis on physical violence over intellect, and risk taking (non utilitarian crimes like joyriding), and can create laddish subcultures in school
        
        Accommodating masculinity is middle class